How to inject insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

How to inject insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

Patients with diabetes type 2 as patients need to be treated with insulin forever. Insulin injection forms are the most popular type of insulin injections is moderate-acting or long-acting type, before bed time (21.00 pm or 24.00 pm) with pills, reduce the sugar level in the daytime by resizing the insulin, so that patients can manage their glucose levels better controls.

How to adjust the insulin dose and dose must receive approval from doctors, administrators, which is generally the advice is.

• - Adjust the insulin dose every 3-7 days based on blood glucose levels in the morning before breakfast. (From checking glucose levels. By a fingertip blood sample manually. Then check detection is used for self-monitoring of blood glucose at home. Or from blood at a hospital near his home).
  
  
• - Can adjust the size increase insulin 1-2 units if the blood glucose level is higher than the target level, but less than 180 mg/dl.
• - Increased insulin 2-4 units if the blood glucose level is higher than the target level, but exceeds 180 mg/dl.
  
  
• - Reduce insulin dose down 2 unit. If blood glucose levels lower than the target.
• - Scaled down four units of insulin if blood glucose below 70 mg / dL.

How to keep the insulin used

How to keep the insulin used

Insulin that is already in use should be stored in a refrigerator set temperature 2-8° C, do not place it in the freezer or the freezer, and after launched Use, then it should use all within 1-3 month, if there are no refrigerators can be stored at room temperature not exceeding 30° c approximately 1 month. Type of insulin pen can be collected by put in the pen box supplied without heat, and do not want it in the fridge. Will. You have about 1 months, which most often run out of time.

The insulin dosage is not enabled. To keep in the refrigerator temperature at the location 2-8 degrees Celsius.

For diabetics who travel Insulin can be administered ready to go. Without Ice If not heated Do not keep insulin in the car should be stored in a small bag. That can be easily picked.  If the distance traveled and very hot. Insulin may be stored in bags or plastic cans before putting them on ice.

10 Steps insulin injection by yourself in a few minutes

10 Steps insulin injection by yourself in a few minutes

Equipment preparation:

1. - The insulin must be sure that the injection is the correct type. Some patients have more than one type of insulin and must check for an expiration date. Or unusual color changes. Or insufficient sediment If checked, drug degradation should be discarded immediately.
   
   
   
   
2. - Insulin syringe
   
   
3. - Sterile clean cotton
   
   
4. - Alcohol type 70%

The steps for self-administered insulin are as follows.

• 1. Wash your hands with soap.
  
  
• 2. Roll the bottle of insulin on the palm horizontally. Do not use shake because it will cause bubbles. And the amount of insulin that is absorbed wrongly.
  
  
• 3. Clean the rubber stopper bottle insulin by cotton plating alcohol.
  
  
• 4. Use syringe sucking air into the syringe. Equal to the number of insulin to injection. Then push air into the bottle of insulin.
• - if the patient requires insulin shots mixes. Vacuum air into the volume of the insulin to needle injection. Insulin take active short and active medium, such as insulin injection type short action 5 units, working medium 10 unit. Sucking air in the needles of 15 unit.
  
  
• 5 upside down and suction insulin bottle. Insulin according to volume. But must ensure that the needle in the insulin dosage before inhale. To prevent the air suction into the syringe.
• - If the insulin type mix. To put the air into the insulin bottle of type medium-acting first, then suck insulin 10 unit. And put the air into the bottle to insulin action short then suck the insulin 5 unit.
  
  
• 6. Select the location of the injection include abdominal area away from the navel area is approximately 5-20 cm, upper arm, thigh and butt cheeks to absorb the abdominal area is better absorbed than the upper arm or thigh area. The injection should be approximately 1.5 inches away from its original location because the original position repeat injections may be caused. Fatty lumps caused by insulin (Lipohypertrophy).
  
  
• 7. Clean the injection site with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol. And let dry for 5-10 seconds before injection.
  
  
  
  
  
  
• 8. Hold the skin before injections were raised. This helps reduce the chance of embroidery needle into the muscle layer. The injection of insulin is required. Will be injected into the subcutaneous layer. (Subcutaneous injection)
• 9. Insulin injection by 45-90 degree angle to the skin. Mid-needle prick when the needle used to inject the insulin. But in the case of using a long needle to prick of a needle about ½ inch by 45-degree angle.
• 10. Push the rod all the way insulin syringes. After the injection, explore whether bleeding or not. If it is, press the injection area until blood stops, but no syringes should massage the area because it will make the absorption of insulin dosage faster and if the blister is embossed, shows that the injection into the skin layers epidermis (skin), which shows that the injection too shallow.

See clip : How to Inject Insulin

Why insulin is important to the lives of diabetics?

Why insulin is important to the lives of diabetics?

Know insulin

             Insulin is a hormone that the pancreas creates. And it is important. Bring blood sugar to various tissues. The body to create energy. But for diabetics. Can not take blood sugar to use as energy. Due to lack of hormone insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels rise. Patients often have pain in the urine, thirst, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, complications such as infectious disease is difficult to heal. Kidney and eye disease, etc.


When to use insulin

             • Diabetic pancreas builds insulin not enough for the needs of the body.
             • Diabetic patients with renal, hepatic, and hepatic failure.


Type of insulin
             Two sources of insulin are derived from the extraction of pancreas of pigs and cows. Another source is derived from genetic engineering. Make insulin like human insulin. This is less likely than the first. And used today.


Insulin is divided into several types. The duration of the action.

•              1. Fast acting, colorless, active in 10-15 minutes, maximum activity 1-3 hours and active for 3-5 hours, used to reduce blood sugar levels after meals.
•              2. Fast-acting and short-acting type, colorless, active in 30-60 minutes, maximum effect at 2-4 hours and active for 5-7 hours. To control sugar levels after meals or to lower blood sugar quickly if there is high blood sugar.
•              3. Moderate action. The characteristic is a turbid solution. Shake well before use every time. Effect in 2-4 hours, maximum activity at 6-12 hours and active for 18-24 hours. Used as the main insulin in the treatment of diabetes.
•              4. Long acting, clear, colorless, active in 2 hours with no effect. And for 24 hours, it is used for injection to keep blood insulin levels up in a whole day. And prevent hypoglycemia.
•              there is also Mixed insulin The fast-acting insulin is mixed with moderate-acting drugs in different ratios for patients requiring both types of insulin. It is a turbid solution to shake before using every time.

Why use insulin by injection?

•               If the patient receives insulin by eating. The drug is destroyed by digestive enzymes. It must be injected directly into the body.
•               The injection is usually injected under the skin. However, it must be strictly adhered to by the physician.

Where can I get insulin?

              Insulin is injected into the abdomen both legs, hips, upper arms and need to use alcohol to wipe the injection area. Do not repeat the same place more than once in 1-2 months, as it may cause injection site. Kidney stone When pulling out the needle, use cotton gently pressing the massage at the injection. Because the drug absorbed too quickly. It can cause low blood sugar. In the next injection should be injected away from the same point 1 inch.




In addition to ordinary syringes There are 2 types of insulin injection.

•               1. Insulin Pen Similar to a large fountain pen. Insulin in a small glass tube to fit into the pen. Currently used very commonly. It is easy to carry and use. By spinning to the desired number, the amount of insulin will be followed. No need to take the medicine out of the bottle. But the price is quite high.
  
  
  
•               2. Insulin Pump The device is attached to the patient at all times with a needle inserted under the skin, which is attached to the computer-controlled device. It will be programmed to inject low-dose insulin into the body at any time. And insulin doses increase before meals. To imitate a normal person

Storage Tips

•                - Insulin is not yet available. If stored at 2-8 ° C, it can be stored for as long as the bottle, but can be kept at room temperature (about 25 ° C) for about 30 days. Insulin stored at high temperatures, such as in the sun, or at very low temperatures. Like in the freezer of the refrigerator. Should not be used because of deterioration. It is not recommended to keep the lid on the refrigerator, because it can cause the temperature is not stable. From the closure - open the refrigerator.
•                - Insulin is already activated. And keep in the insulin pen. Can be stored at room temperature (25 Degree Celsius) for about 30 days.
•                - Open bottle insulin and refrigerated (2-8 degrees Celsius) will be kept for about 3 months from the bottle opener. If stored at room temperature (25 ° C) for about 30 days.

Prevent infection when wearing high heels for diabetics.

Prevent infection when wearing high heels for diabetics.

Diabetic footwear must be more special than normal people's shoes, such as exercising by playing snooker, cycling, walking, exercise, driving, or even chess. Must choose a good shoes to pay attention.

When diabetics are required to wear high heels. Choosing high heels for nights club has the following criteria:


1. Carry your comfortable shoes with you everywhere. To change in time, high heels cause problems with abrasions around bruises, pressure ulcers.

2. If you need to wear high heels for social work, the party must choose shoes with heels not higher than 1 inch to prevent pressure on the foot. And do not wear high heels to long time.

3. When wearing high heels for a long time, such as every 2 hours, remove the shoe and explore the foot area to look for abrasions around the bruise.

4. Avoid work or activities that require high heels or if not, it should wear high heels at no more than 2 hours.

5. When buying high heels, choose the right one for yourself. Must wear high heels, walking confident. Heel height is not very high. Wear the stockings to protect the feet first.

Foot ulcer causes of infection in the bloodstream. Shoes for diabetics can help you.

Foot ulcer causes of infection in the bloodstream. Shoes for diabetics can help you.

Foot is the most vulnerable organ to injury, because each foot has to play a role in the movement. Several minutes a day or maybe an hour. In diabetic patients, the prevention of foot injuries is important.

Therefore, looking for shoes that are suitable for patients with diabetes is the thing that must be taken care of as possible.

Shoes that protects the feet of diabetic patients must have the following features:

• - The size of the shoes must fit the foot. And also take into account the weight. Foot shape of the wearer. When wearing shoes, feel comfortable, not too loose or too tight until your toes squeeze together.
• - The shoes material can support the foot well. Flexibility to change the style of the feet. Material is made of lightweight synthetic fiber or made of genuine leather.
• - Shoes can be adjusted to increase size with a shoelaces. To ventilate and damp from sweat can loosen the shoelace loose.
• - The head of the shoes must be large enough. Space for toes move.
• - The material in the shoe must absorb the impact force of the foot as well. Thickness of impact absorbing material is about 7-10 mm.
• - Shoes must not be very loose. To make diabetic patients have to peck on the toes.

The rules, to buy shoes for diabetes patients.

• - Choose shoes suitable for male, female, age, which size of foot structure is different.
• - The purpose of using shoes such as fitness, shoes go to work. The use of each shoe style shoes are different.
• - Each foot has an uneven width. Use a cardboard to draw around your feet and insert the paper into your shoe. If the sheet rolls or wrists, it is narrow.

Tips: Applying new shoes

First Day: Wear newly bought shoes, test walking for 30 minutes, then take off your shoes, explore feet , see where there are red marks, abrasions.

• - If you see red marks around the abrasion, the shoes are tight, need to loosen the shoe to expand the area. Or buy a pair of new shoes instead.
• - If you do not encounter any problems, then continue to test on the second day.

Day two: Increase test walk time to 1 hour. If there is no problem with the foot, then test next day. By increasing the walking time up to 20 minutes a day, until the 7th day, the shoes are tested for diabetes.


Notice

• ** Before wearing shoes every time to knock the shoes to make foreign matter, such as poisonous animals, centipedes, scorpions, scabs fall out first.
• ** Outside the house, they wear shoes suitable for outdoor adventure. And walk home, they also have to wear the right shoes as well.
  
  
  
  
  
  
• ** Do not wear shoes with a toe.
• ** Should wear socks.

4 Steps to get finger prick blood test for diabetes at home

4 Steps to get finger prick blood test for diabetes at home

Self-monitoring of blood glucose, there are steps as follows:


1. Cleaning hands and fingers.

• * - Hand wash and finger with soap, clear the bubbles with clean water, use hand towels and dry fingers.
  
  
• * - Wipe with 70% alcohol at the fingertips.
• * - Wait until the alcohol is dry.

2. Blood Collection

• * - Use a needle at the fingertips. The needle is just a needle from a new envelope.) The depth of the needle in a finger about 0.1 millimeters.

3. Blood Transfusion

• * - Squeeze the tip of the finger to the blood flowing to the fingertips.
• * - use blood test Signs at the tip of the finger to have as much blood.
• * - Wipe your fingertips with alcohol. Use tissue paper to dry the blood.
• * - Use alcohol to compress the wound to stop bleeding.

4. Read the blood test results.

• * - Put the blood in the blood test.
• * - Wait until the display finishes.
• * - read result report
• * - take notes in the notebook.

What is the normal blood glucose level?

8-12 hours of fasting is between 60 mg / dl but less than 100 mg / dl. However, if 2 hours after food is less than 140 mg / dl.

1. Blood glucose level for normal people --------- Fasting 8 hours is between 60 - 100 mg / dl----- Glucose in the blood after 2 hours of eating is less than 140 mg / dl.

2. Glucose levels in the blood. People have a higher risk of diabetes.-------- After 8 hours of fasting from 100 to 126 mg / dl ------ Blood glucose after feeding 2 hours 140 - 200 mg / dl.

3. Glucose levels in people with diabetes.------------- Fasting after 8 hours. 126 mg / dl and more ----------------- Blood glucose after eating 2 hours 200 mg / dl and more.

3 Ways to get blood to detect glucose in case of suspected diabetes

3 Ways to get blood to detect glucose in case of suspected diabetes

In daily life. We may be closer to diabetic patients. The patient is not sure if he is diabetic or not. As a good citizen, we recommend that patients go for diabetes screening at hospitals, clinics, medical centers, public health centers. By blood tests to detect glucose.

1. Blood collection after fasting for 8 hours. Interpretation with blood glucose readers.

• * The effect of blood glucose lower than 100 milligrams per deciliter means "you are normal".
• * The effect of glucose in the blood is in the range of 100-125 milligrams per deciliter, meaning "you have symptoms first" but not yet reached the stage of diabetes, which people have to refrain from foods such as sugar, starch, carbohydrates and Exercise regularly to keep the food intake completely burned.
• * The effect of glucose in the blood is from 126 milligrams per deciliter to more "crisis" is certainly diabetes. Repeat the next day to confirm the correct result.

2. Blood Collection Without Fasting For people with other diseases can not fast. But suspect that diabetes is due to frequent urinary symptoms. Frequent thirst, hunger, or loss of appetite. Should be examined for diabetes.

• * The effect of blood glucose lower than 140 mg / dl means "you are normal."
• * The effect of glucose in the blood is in the range of 140-199 milligrams per deciliter, meaning "you have symptoms first" but not yet reached the stage of diabetes, which people have to abstain from sugars, starches, carbohydrates and Exercise regularly to keep the food intake completely burned.
• * The effect of blood glucose from 200 mg per deciliter to more "crisis" is certainly diabetes.

3. Blood Glucose Test This can be done at the hospital. Blood transfusions after drinking 75 g glucose passed for 2 hours.

• * If blood glucose results from 200 mg / dl or more, it means that diabetes. This should be checked again next week to confirm the correct result.

3 Easy Urine Test for Diabetes in Just Minutes

3 Easy Urine Test for Diabetes in Just Minutes

Caring for diabetes is necessary. If you know the symptoms from the beginning, it can find ways to cope and prevent complications in a timely manner.

People who have symptoms or are aware of the illness, but do not have time to check for diabetes at the hospital. Diabetes self-diagnosis is the most convenient way.

At this time, we will get to know the diagnosis of diabetes from the urine itself.  Equipment for urinary tract examination is cheap. The results of the test are reliable.


Urine tests for self-diagnosis of diabetes are as follows :

Method 1: Bring urine to boil.

The device is as follows.

• 1. Benedict solution can be purchased at a pharmacy or Pharmaceutical Organization.
• 2. Urine collected recently.
• 3. Pipette or glass tube for drop solution.
• 4. Glass bottles that can withstand high heat. It must be burned or boiled in boiling water.

How to check urine

• 1. Drop urine were 8 drops in a glass bottle fireproof.
• 2  Drops of Benedict's solution 1 teaspoon (notice that Benedict is blue), mixed with urine. Shake the solution together.
• 3. The glass bottle to burn down. Or maybe take glass bottles to soak in the boiler. Until the solution in the glass bottle to boil.
• 4. Notice the color of the solution changed.
• 5. The effects of the color of the solution. Compared with the color bar to see the results of glucose in the urine.

The color of the solution indicates the level of glucose in the urine.

1. The color of the solution is blue = no glucose in the urine.
2. Color of solution is green = glucose in urine +1
3. Color of solution is yellow = glucose in urine +2
4. Color of solution is orange = glucose in urine +3.
5. The color of the solution is reddish = the glucose in the urine is the most +4.
   

Method 2: Use a tablet to determine the amount of glucose from the urine.

• 1. Buy tablets of urine from the drugstore or the pharmaceutical organization.
• 2. Pipette drops of urine 6 drops into a glass jar. (Urine must be kept fresh)
• 3. Pipette 12 drops of water into the urine.
• 4. Pour the tablets into the solution. Until the foam spread.
• 5. Wait until the bubbles in the glass bottle are gone and notice the color of the solution.
• 6. Compare with color bars to see urine glucose levels.

The color of the solution indicates the level of glucose in the urine.

• The color of the solution is blue = no glucose in the urine.
• Color of solution is green = glucose in urine +1
• Color of solution is yellow = glucose in urine +2
• Color of solution is orange = glucose in urine +3.
• The color of the solution is reddish = the glucose in the urine is the most +4.

Method 3: Urine Test Strips

• 1. Buy a test strip of urine from the drugstore or pharmacy.
• 2. Pour urine into the cup. (Urine must be kept fresh)
• 3. Apply the test strip dipped in urine and pull up immediately.
• 4. Hold the test strip for 1 minute to allow the test pad to react with the urine.
• 5. Apply the test strip to compare the color of the bottle.

** Test to get more accurate test before eating. Or after eating for 6 hours.

8 Factors in choosing socks for diabetics

8 Factors in choosing socks for diabetics

Choosing the right socks that is the most important for diabetic patients. To prevent complications and infection if the foot wound, prevent the abrasion of the foot, and also to love easy walking and make the heart feel relaxed.

Important decision considering socks for the diabetes.

1. * the socks have no seams: protect skin friction welded seam embossed socks.
2. * socks to dry. Can absorb the sweat evaporates from the radiance of the skin. Prevention is the source of cultivated fungi and bacteria.
3. * socks made of fabric moisture evaporated out fast dry fabrics is always without bad smell. The inhibition of bacteria.
4. * socks made from fibers, soft and comfortable, foot blood circulation circulation in time, no skin irritation.
5. * socks made from flexible fabric Can adjust the size to fit your feet every size not aggressive at the ankle.
6. * the fabric thickness sufficiently to prevent foot born around the scratch and shock absorption.
7. * there is a bar adjacent to the sole of the foot, silicone To prevent the slip of the patient.
8. * the feet dry. Not pile up of sweat out at the sole of the foot.

Foot care is very important to patients with diabetes.

Patients with diabetes are at greater risk of damage of peripheral nerve (neuropathy), the most common risk. Up at the peripheral nerves of the foot. The diabetes reaction feeling will be reduced.  Cause don't recognize injuries at the feet.  If let the injury was inflamed and infected up to serious danger.

Diabetic patients travel who was admitted to the hospital for the scraping epidermis cell area foot out. If don't get rid of dead skin cells, leave this area will become a hotbed of germs and there is a risk that pathogens. It spread to the bloodstream. The infection may have violence even organ loss.

" Need a warm footbath is approximately 5 minutes before scraping off dead skin cells off the soles of the feet to make the skin soft and scalping the dead skin easily."

Patients with diabetes have to happen with your feet as follows.

* feel symptoms shaft stripes toes when things impact toe can hardly feel.

* sleep to feel pain suddenly at the end of the foot, pain periodically, and pain are more often at night.

* muscle weakness, feet and toes There is no going to wiggle your toes.

* feeling hot flashes pain burning at the end of the foot.

What to do every morning.

1. Check survey foot to find cuts, abrasions, bruises red, itchy rash, position of white fluff between toe and nail foot changed color.

2. Clean: wash your feet clean daily with soap and water, plain or warm water. Do not use the freezing cold water or hot. Wipe your feet as well as between toe to dry. Do not use force.

3. If sweating foot. To dry up.

4. Avoid risk area to pass through.

5. If found little wound immediately flush with water. The healed quickly. First is used sterilizing solution clean wound, but if it's big must consult a doctor.

6. Nails: careful cutting foot nail, nails in the light obviously should cut after bath water. Because the nail is soft. Cut easier should cut straight, do not cut too short.

7. Don't cross your legs: legs are pressed vein, the blood circulation to treat foot inconvenience.

8. Exercise the foot. So that blood flow to the foot.

9. Wear socks.

10. Diabetes control blood sugar is well maintained during 90 - 150 mg%.


Thank you For you see.....