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How to take care of the diabetic foot at home?

The lack of control of blood glucose levels affects the health of the feet in patients with diabetes and increases the risk of injuries and amputations

To avoid serious complications after being diagnosed with sustained hyperglycemia, it is essential to adopt a series of measures to take care of the diabetic foot at home .



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The complications that are suffered by high glucose levels can reduce blood flow in the lower extremities , deteriorating the arteries and nerves of the feet. The problem can develop gradually, especially when the necessary controls are not carried out to regulate the sugar to a normal state.

Product of this decreases sensitivity in the area and increase the chances of developing ulcers, cracks and other wounds that can be a focus of dangerous infections.

How to take care of the diabetic foot to avoid complications? Keeping in mind that the risks are constant, we must take into account the recommendations that we share below.

What is the diabetic foot?

Feet ache.

Having sugar levels above normal leads to many health complications . Among these, one of the most common and dangerous is the diabetic foot.

The condition can be caused by a reduction in the blood supply to the legs (vasculopathy) or by an involvement of the lower nerves (neuropathy).

Both problems derive a series of symptoms that affect the quality of life , as the patient loses his sensibility greatly and is exposed to injuries that take time to heal.

Although the symptoms may vary depending on the level of severity with which it develops, it is essential to attend to it and monitor it at all times so that it does not get worse .

Poor control of this can cause ulcers and infections that, when they can not be controlled, end up being the reason for amputation of the limb .

Tips to take care of the diabetic foot at home

According to data from the World Health Organization, more than 80% of cases of amputation due to diabetic foot can be prevented with basic treatment and care.

The medical control of diabetes is the main measure to avoid these complications ; however, complementary to this, each one must adopt some habits that reduce the risk.

It is essential to avoid to the maximum any injury that compromises the feet, since the wounds take a long time to heal and can serve as a gateway for an infection . In addition, these cares must be permanent because, although there are no injuries or obvious symptoms, the risk is still high.

Check the feet every day

The daily revision of the feet allows to detect if there is any abnormality that should be treated in a special way. For this reason, even if there is not a notorious problem, it is important to dedicate time to them .

Try to pay attention to symptoms such as:

•     Sores or ulcers
•     Blisters or cracks
•     Hardnesses and deformities
•     Hematomas and inflamed veins

Wash and disinfect

One of the basic care to reduce the risk of infection in the feet is to wash them every day with products that help disinfect them.

• This measure eliminates bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that, in case of injury, can cause more serious problems.
• Avoid the cigarette
• Give up smoking.

The consumption of tobacco is one of the factors that can accelerate the narrowing of the arteries . Because of this, all patients with diabetes should avoid it.

Cigarette toxins do not favor the oxygenation of the feet and can influence complications due to lack of blood supply.

Use moisturizing products

To take care of the diabetic foot it is necessary to acquire moisturizing products that help protect your skin . Its daily application allows to avoid calluses and cracks to minimize the risk of infection.

Cut the nails

The nails in patients with diabetic foot should be cut in a straight line so that they do not become embedded in the skin. The cut should not compromise the corners or the cuticles.


Wear comfortable shoes

The use of comfortable and ventilated footwear is one of the most recommended measures to take care of the diabetic foot. This allows to control inflammation and prevent infections.

The ideal is that its interior is composed of smooth materials , without strong elements, so that the skin can breathe without problem.

Avoid high-impact activities

The daily practice of physical exercise is one of the habits that help regulate glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

However, due to the complications that can present the feet, it is essential to check that the chosen activities do not have a strong impact on them .

To avoid corns or injuries it is best to opt for disciplines such as:

•     Swimming
•     Cycling
•     Yoga
•     Pilates

In conclusion, it is of great importance that all patients with high sugar take measures to take care of the diabetic foot . This, in addition to medical check-ups, avoids more serious situations.

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7 steps to take care of your feet with diabetes

Losing a toe, foot, or leg due to complications of diabetes is the nightmare of many patients with this disease. Amputations in feet and legs are 10 times more frequent in patients with diabetes than in the rest of the population.

Living with diabetes puts you at risk for neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy, reduced blood flow to the feet and infections of wounds not treated in time, put at risk your health and that of your legs and feet.



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Control your glucose levels, take your medications, follow a healthy diet, exercise daily and take good hygiene of your feet, keep your feet healthy. They charge you and follow your steps, they deserve good treatment.

Step 1. Control glucose, blood pressure and blood cholesterol
Controlling blood glucose will help you have healthy feet. In your health care routine, it includes a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbG) or AC1 test. This test shows the level of blood glucose between two or three months before you undergo the test, so you know if you are controlling your diabetes well.

Check your blood pressure frequently, it should be below 130/80. If it stays higher for an indefinite period, your doctor can prescribe medication to help regulate it.

Include a cholesterol test in your annual review. Your LDL ("bad" cholesterol) test levels must be less than 100.

In the HDL ("good" cholesterol) test, ideal values ​​should be greater than 40 in men and over 50 in women.

Step 2. Check your feet daily
If you live with diabetes you can have serious problems in your feet without feeling any pain. Get in the habit of checking your feet every night. When inspections, look for wounds, sores, red spots, swelling or infection in the skin and nails.

When you do not control your diabetes, the nervous tissue in your body is damaged. When this happens, the nerves stop sending signals to the brain, send them very slowly, or send erroneous messages. Peripheral nerves, which range from the spinal cord to the extremities, are the most affected. This condition is called neuropathy.

That's why it's important that you check your glucose levels and check your feet every day. If it is difficult for you, ask someone to review them for you.

Step 3. Keep your feet clean, dry and soft
Wash your feet well every day. Use warm water, not hot. A temperature between 90 and 95 degrees F is safe. Dry your feet well, especially between your fingers. You can use talc or corn starch to keep the skin between your fingers dry.

With clean feet, trim the toenails with a nail clipper, in a straight line, without cutting the corners. Soften the corners with a nail file. If you do not see well, if the nails are thick or yellow, curved and grow on the skin, let your podiatrist take care.

If your doctor allows it, after showering, soften the calluses with a pumice stone. Lime in one direction to avoid breaking the skin. Do not cut calluses or use razors.

Apply a thin layer of skin lotion, moisturizer or Vaseline on the top and bottom of the feet. Do not apply between your fingers, it could cause infection.

Be very careful with spas or salons that offer manicure and pedicure, they could do more harm than good to your feet. If you do not have good sensitivity in your feet, the hot water in the spa tub or the paraffin or wax treatment to soften the feet, it could be very hot and burn your feet without you feeling it. Maybe they could push the cuticle very hard on the toes, or cut it off, and a wound around the toenails could get infected quickly. Only with the consent of your doctor can you visit a spa for a pedicure.

Step 4. Wear shoes and socks from the morning until going to bed
From the moment you jump out of bed until the moment you return at night to sleep, your feet have to be protected.

If you are barefoot, you may not feel the moment a scratch, blister, cut or even an insect bite occurs on your feet. Although it sounds exaggerated, these simple skin lacerations, if not treated at the time, can become infected and cause more damage.

Always use clean socks and no holes. When you wear shoes without socks they can create blisters on your feet. Before, it was thought that the cotton material was the best, but the cotton retains the sweat. Today experts recommend socks made for athletes with materials that are very absorbent (Coolmax® and Ultimax®) and keep your feet dry of sweat while you exercise.

During the summer or the hot months, or if you go to the pool, lake or beach, wear shoes that you can use in the water, never be barefoot.

Step 5. Protect your feet from extreme heat and cold
Watch your feet for extreme temperatures. In the summer apply sunscreen on the top of the feet to avoid burns. Never walk barefoot, much less on the beach or on the hot pavement.

In the winter, keep your feet away from radiators and chimneys. Do not put hot water bags or heating pads, use socks if your feet get cold. The lined boots are good in the winter to keep your feet warm. Check your feet frequently during the winter to avoid freezing.

Electric blankets are an option during winter, but you should be cautious when using them. Experts recommend that you warm the bed with the electric blanket before going to sleep. You should not sleep with the blanket, just use it to warm your bed. When the bed is warm, turn off the blanket and remove it from the bed.

Step 6. Exercise daily
Physical activity helps you control your diabetes. Consult your doctor or health educator about a daily activity program that resembles your needs.

Walking, dancing, swimming and cycling are forms of exercise that do not hurt your feet so much.

Avoid jumping or running. Begin your exercise routine with a short warm-up and cool down period at the end of it. Remember to wear athletic shoes that fit you well and give you support.

Step 7. Foot sensitivity test
In the consultation with your doctor clarify all your doubts about the care of the feet. Ask him about the best way to take care of your feet, tell him if you have had serious problems in your feet during the last year and if there is some kind of footwear that can help you keep your feet healthy.

Ask your doctor to examine the sense of touch and the pulsations in your feet. This test is done every year, but you do not have to wait a year to be tested for sensitivity in the feet, the earlier you detect if there is a lack of sensitivity in your feet, the better.

The sensitivity test on the feet you can do at home with the help of a flexible filament of nylon similar to the filaments of the brushes to brush the teeth or hair, applying light pressure on different points under the feet.

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10 tips to prevent and care for a diabetic foot

Today, November 14 is the World Diabetes Day , which affects about 5 million people in Spain, representing the largest group of chronic patients in our country.

The Federation of Spanish Diabetics (FEDE) highlights the importance of healthy eating and the importance of preventing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes in Spain affects more than 5,300,000 people, of whom more than 2 million are still undiagnosed Type 1 diabetes accounts for 13% of diabetes cases affecting some 29,000 children with about 1,000 new cases each year.



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The president of the Federation of Spanish Diabetics has presented an updated radiography with the latest data on diabetes in Spain. You can see all the diabetes data in Spain in an infographic .

Type 2 diabetes is one in which the body does not use insulin effectively. It can be prevented: doing thirty minutes of moderate intensity physical activity almost every day and with a healthy diet can drastically reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These are the dietary and exercise guidelines proposed by the Diabetes Foundation. On the other hand, for type 1 diabetes there is no prevention.

According to the WHO , between 50% and 80% of the deaths of diabetic patients are due to cardiovascular causes.

A person with diabetes can have affected several organs or systems that have to learn to take care of themselves; it can suffer alterations of the endocrine system, circulatory, of the peripheral nervous system, ocular, renal, etc. These alterations, taken to the daily life of a diabetic can have some consequences. For example, a diabetic can approach a heat source, such as a radiator, and not notice the temperature rise alarm signals that could indicate that it is burning. Or you can put on some new shoes that rub against you and the pain of that gall go unnoticed. Suffer a dermatitis and not notice the discomfort associated with it.

Because of this the foot of a diabetic is an area that must be monitored in a special way. We are going to tell you in two simple steps how to prevent and take care of a diabetic foot :

Step 1.- Observe and ask the person you care for if you have some of these signs and symptoms :

•     Do you often have tingling and cramps?
•     Do you often have an absence of sensitivity?
•     Have you ever had wounds that do not heal well or have been infected?
•     Do you have or have you had any ulcers on your skin?

Step 2.- 10 tips to prevent and take care of diabetic foot

1.     Perform a daily inspection of the feet to check that there are no injuries.
2.     Avoid cutting the nails, it is better to file them.
3.     Go to the podiatrist when necessary and do not cut corns yourself.
4.     Check the temperature before putting your feet in too cold or hot water.
5.     Wear comfortable shoes, leather, with rubber soles and put dressings in areas where you think they can rub.
6.     If the diabetic person is going to premiere new shoes, better than a day that has to walk a lot.
7.     Wear cotton socks
8.     Wash, dry and moisturize the skin of the feet very well. Do not apply cream between your fingers, as the skin may macerate. The use of talcum powder is also not indicated.
9.     Do not walk barefoot.
10.     Check the inside of the shoes with your hand for any roughness or imperfections that could hurt the foot.

The SED, Spanish Society of Diabetics has published a very complete guide that you can consult.

Do you take care of someone with diabetes? What advice would you give?

Share your experience, from the Rincon del Cuidador® you can be of help to other people.

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Foot care in case of diabetes

Foot care in case of diabetes
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Diabetes can damage the nerves and blood vessels in your feet. This damage causes numbness and reduced sensation in the feet. As a result of this, your feet may not heal well if you hurt yourself. If you get a blister, you may not feel it and it may get worse. Even small wounds or blisters can become a problem if an infection develops or does not heal. A diabetic foot ulcer can develop. For people with diabetes, having a foot ulcer is reason enough to go to the hospital. Taking good care of your skin will help prevent diabetic foot ulcers.



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Personal care
Diabetes can cause damage to the nerves and blood vessels of the feet. This damage can cause numbness and reduce the sensitivity of the feet. As a result of this, the feet may not heal well if they are injured. If you get a blister, you may not notice it and it may get worse.

Check your feet every day. Inspect the top, sides, soles of the feet, heels and between the toes. I searched:

• Dry and cracked skin
• Blisters or ulcers
• Bruises or cuts
• Redness, warmth or sensitivity
• Hard or firm points
• If you can not see well, ask someone to check your feet.

Call your health care provider immediately for any foot problems you have. Do not try to treat these problems yourself. Even small wounds or blisters can become big problems if infection develops or does NOT heal. Foot ulcers are a common cause of hospitalization for people with diabetes.

Wash your feet every day with warm water and mild soap. Strong soaps can damage the skin.

• Check the water temperature first with your hands or elbow.
• Dry your feet gently, especially between your fingers.
• Use lotion, petroleum jelly, lanolin or oil on dry skin. DO NOT put lotion, oil or cream between your toes.
• Ask your provider to show you how to trim your toenails.

Soak your feet in warm water to soften the nail before trimming it.
Cut the nail straight, because curved nails are more likely to be incarnated.
Verify that the edge of each nail does not exert pressure within the skin of the next finger.
The podiatrist (podiatrist) can trim the nail if you are not capable.

Most people with diabetes should be treated for corns or calluses by a podiatrist. If the doctor has given you permission to treat yourself:

Use a pumice stone gently to remove such calluses and calluses after a shower or bath, when the skin is soft.
DO NOT use medicated pads or try to shave or cut them at home.
If you smoke, stop. The habit of smoking decreases the blood flow to the feet. Talk to your provider if you need help to quit.

DO NOT use a heating pad or a hot water bottle on your feet. DO NOT walk barefoot, especially on the hot pavement or hot sand beaches. Take off your shoes and socks during visits to your provider so you can check your feet.

Shoes and socks
Wear shoes at all times to protect the feet from injury. Before putting them on, always check inside to see if there are stones, nails or rough areas that can hurt your feet.

Wear shoes that are comfortable and fit well when you buy them. Never buy shoes that are narrow, with the hope that they will stretch as you wear them. You may not feel the pressure of shoes that do not fit you well. Blisters and ulcers may occur when the foot presses against the shoe.

Ask your provider about special shoes that can provide more space for your feet. When you get new shoes, soften them slowly. Put them one or two hours a day during the first or second week.

Change the softened shoes after 5 hours during the day to modify the pressure points on the feet. DO NOT use sandals like flip flops or pantyhose with seams. Both can cause pressure points.

Wear clean, dry socks or pantyhose without elastic or seams every day. They will help you protect your feet. Holes in socks or pantyhose can exert damaging pressure on your feet.

You may want to put on special socks with extra padding. Socks that remove moisture from the feet will keep them drier. In cold weather, wear warm socks and DO NOT stay outside in the cold for long. Use clean, dry socks to lie down if your feet are cold.

When should you call the doctor?
Call your provider right away if you have any foot problems. Do not try to take care of yourself. Call your provider if you have any of the following changes in any part of the foot:

• Redness, swelling, or increased heat
• Sores or cracks
• Tingling or burning sensation
• Pain
• Alternative names
• Diabetes - foot care - personal care; Diabetic foot ulcer - foot care; Diabetic neuropathy - foot care

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How a person with diabetes should take care of their feet

As a result of poor control of diabetes, there is a decrease in the blood supply of the legs (vasculopathy) and an involvement of the nerves of the legs and feet (neuropathy), this is what we call diabetic foot.

When we are facing a decompensated diabetes with long evolution, the chances of lesions on the feet increase.



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Neuropathy can manifest as a hypersensitivity in the form of cramps, throbbing or burning pain. It worsens with night rest and improves when you put your feet on the floor.

The most common is that there is a decrease in sensitivity, noticing the feet asleep from the tips of the fingers upwards (in a sock), with a sensation of concussion reaching, even, not to notice the pain.

In this way, any small scratch, wound or crack can go unnoticed and serve as a gateway to a possible infection.

It is for all this that the person with diabetes must watch and take care of the hygiene of their feet.

Norms for the care of the feet

1. The feet should be observed daily, looking for any small scratches, wounds or redness. Six places on the sole of the foot should be controlled: the tip of the big toe, the base of the small fingers, the base of the middle fingers, also the heel and the outside of the foot and the sole.
2. Do not smoke. The tobacco narrows the arteries and does not favor an adequate supply of oxygen to your feet. Go periodically to your doctor to ensure good control of your diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc.). It is advisable to exercise daily in the form of walks on flat terrain and at a good pace for at least one hour.
3. Keep your feet clean, washing them daily with warm water (remember that the nerves that conduct thermal sensitivity may be damaged and not notice that the water is hot enough to produce a burn) and soap. The drying must be thorough, striving to eliminate moisture from the interdigital area. It is about keeping them hydrated, without moisture or calluses. In the event that you have excessive sweating, it is recommended to apply talcum powder after daily washing.
4. For the care of the nails, you should use blunt scissors and cardboard file. All this, with good light and using the help of a magnifying glass and mirror, if necessary. Never use sharp pointed scissors, nail clippers or other sharp objects. Nor metal files, callicides or pumice stone. The nails should be cut straight away avoiding cutting the sides. In any case, whenever you can not perform these care with the precision they require, you should go to the podiatrist.
5. Regarding the dress of the feet, never use synthetic socks and thick seams, or garters or belts that compress and compromise circulation. It is best to use socks made of natural fibers (cotton, yarn or wool) and light colors for the early detection of wounds. To warm your feet, do not use electric blankets or hot water bags. It is also not advisable to sit near stoves or braziers because of the risk of burns if the thermal sensitivity is altered.
6. Regarding footwear, it is necessary to use leather shoes, comfortable and wide, where each finger has space with slack. It is also advisable that the foot is well secured, with footwear that is tied with laces or velcro. Check the inside of the shoe every day with your hand in search of anything that, however small (pebble, ...), passes unnoticed and can cause an injury or chafing.
7. When we release shoes, it is advisable to make a slow adaptation by using them no more than one hour in a row during the first days. Choose as the shoe purchase time the last hour of the afternoon, since it is when the foot is more dilated. Never walk barefoot, not even on the beach. At home, use comfortable shoes.
8. Regarding wounds and cures, it is necessary that they be evaluated by the doctor, who will indicate the type of care that must be performed on it. All this can be summarized in observing, protecting and caring, which, in short, is aimed at preventing the appearance on the feet of injuries, whose consequences can be fatal.

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How to take care of your feet during diabetes

Maintaining good control of your blood sugar (glucose) level and taking care of your feet every day can help you avoid serious foot problems.

Foot care is very important for people with diabetes who have:

• Loss of sensation in the feet.
• Changes in the shape of the feet.
• Ulcers or wounds on the feet that do not heal. Nerve injury can cause loss of sensation in the feet.
• Nerve injury can cause loss of sensation in the feet. Maybe you can not feel a small stone inside your shoe that is causing a sore. You may not feel the blister caused by uncomfortable shoes. Wounds on the feet such as these can cause ulcers that end in amputation

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Maintaining good control of your blood sugar (glucose) level and taking care of your feet every day can help you avoid serious foot problems.

There is a lot you can do to prevent serious problems on your feet. Here we will tell you how:

• Take care of your diabetes
• Make healthy choices about your lifestyle to keep your blood sugar level close to normal. Keeping your blood sugar level controlled can prevent the development of foot problems, eye and kidney diseases related to diabetes.

Work with your doctor to create a diabetes management plan that fits your lifestyle.

He will help you:

• Know how and when to measure the blood sugar level.
• Taking medications.
• Eat regular meals every day that contain a variety of healthy, low-fat, high-fiber foods, including fruits and vegetables.
• Increase your level of daily physical activity.
• Follow your foot care plan.
• Keep your medical appointments for vision, kidney and foot exams at least once a year.
• Examine your feet every day

You can have serious problems in your feet without feeling pain. Examine your feet to see if you have cuts, blisters, sores, red spots, swelling, or infected nails. Take time every day to check your feet (at night it's better). Make the foot exam a part of your daily routine.

If you have difficulty stooping to see your feet, an unbreakable mirror can help you see your feet. You can also ask for help from a family member or your doctor.

Be sure to consult your doctor immediately if a cut, sore, blister or bruise on one foot does not begin to heal within a day.

Wash your feet every day

Wash your feet in warm water, not hot. Do not soak or leave your feet in water for a long time as this may dry out your skin.

Before bathing or showering, make sure the water is not too hot. You can use a thermometer (from 32 ° C to 35 ° C is ideal) or use the elbows to measure the temperature of the water.

Dry your feet well. Be sure to dry between your fingers. Use talc to keep the skin dry between your fingers.

Keep your skin soft

Apply some skin cream on top and the bottom of the feet.

Do not apply skin cream between your toes as this can cause an infection.

Smooth and soften your calluses delicately

After bathing or showering, use pumice to soften calluses. Pumice stone is a type of stone used to soften the skin. Use it delicately, rubbing gently in one direction only, to avoid cutting the skin.

Do not cut corns. Do not use razors or ointments or liquids to remove corns - these can damage the skin.

If you have difficulty with corns, consult your doctor or podiatrist.

Rub the calluses gently with a pumice stone.

Be sure to consult your doctor immediately if a cut, sore, blister or bruise on one foot does not begin to heal within a day.

Cut your toenails every week or earlier if necessary

Cut your toenails with a nail clipper after washing and drying your feet.

Cut your toenails in a straight line and then soften them with a nail file.

Do not cut the corners of the toenails.

If you do not see well, or if the toenails are thick and yellow, have a podiatrist trim them.

Wear shoes and socks at all times

Wear shoes and socks at all times. Do not walk barefoot - not even inside your house - because you could easily step on something and hurt your feet.

Always wear socks, cotton socks or nylon socks with your shoes to prevent blisters and sores.

Choose cotton or wool socks. These help keep your feet dry.

Each time you put your shoes on, inspect them inside to make sure that the inner lining is smooth and smooth and that there are no objects inside.

Wear shoes that fit well and protect your feet.

Check the inside of your shoes before putting them on.

Protect your feet from heat and cold

Wear shoes on the beach or on hot surfaces.

Put sunscreen on the top of your feet to prevent sunburn.

Keep your feet away from radiators and fires.

Do not warm your feet with bottles or hot water bottles or with electrical appliances.

Wear socks at night if your feet get cold. In winter, lined boots are good for keeping your feet warm.

Examine your feet often during cold seasons to avoid and prevent freezing.

Protect your feet when walking on hot surfaces.

Be sure to consult your doctor immediately if a cut, sore, blister or bruise on one foot does not begin to heal within a day.

Maintain good blood circulation to the feet

Raise your legs when you are sitting.

Move the toes for 5 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day. Move your ankles up and down, and from side to side to improve blood circulation in legs and feet.

Do not cross your legs for a long time.

Do not wear socks or tight stockings, elastics or garters around your legs.

Do not smoke. Smoking reduces the circulation of blood to your feet. Ask your doctor or nurse for help to stop smoking.

If you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol, check with your doctor to reduce it.

Be more active

Tell your doctor to plan an appropriate physical activity program for you.

Walking, dancing, swimming and biking are good types of physical activity that are not harmful to the feet.

Avoid activities that are bad for the feet such as running and jumping.

Always warm up before doing any physical activity and relaxation after doing it.

Wear athletic shoes that fit well and offer good support.

Walking fast is a good form of physical activity.

Be sure to consult your doctor immediately if a cut, sore, blister or bruise on one foot does not begin to heal within a day.

Consult your doctor various aspects

• Explore the sensitivity and pulse in your feet at least once a year.
• Tell you if you are likely to have serious foot problems. If you have these problems, your feet should be examined every time you go to the office.
• I taught him how to take care of his feet.
• Refer a podiatrist if necessary.
• Decide if it would help you keep your feet healthy by wearing special shoes.
• I explore sensitivity in the feet.

Start right now

Start taking care of your feet today.

Take time each day to examine the feet.

Write down the date of your next medical appointment.

Print the tips on foot care and put the sheet on the wall of the bathroom or your room, or on the nightstand as a reminder.

Print and complete the "Tasks" list. Start right now

Choose a date to buy the things you need to care for your feet: nail clippers, pumice stone, nail file, skin cream, talcum powder, unbreakable mirror, socks, sports shoes, and slippers (slippers).

And most importantly, be consistent with taking care of your feet ... start right now with a special gift like a new pair of cotton socks. You deserve it!

Be sure to consult your doctor immediately if a cut, sore, blister or bruise on one foot does not begin to heal within a day.

Suggestions for a suitable footwear

The right footwear is very important to prevent serious problems in the feet. Sports shoes made of canvas or leather are good for everyday use. These shoes give good support to the feet and allow them to "breathe."

Never wear shoes made of vinyl or plastic because they do not fit well or let your feet "breathe."

When buying shoes, make sure they are comfortable from the start and that they have enough space for your fingers.

Do not buy shoes with sharp or high-heeled shoes. These produce too much pressure on the fingers.

Tasks: make plans today to take care of your feet throughout life

Mark each point when you have done it:

• I printed the advice sheet for foot care and placed it where I see it every day.
• I bought a pair of nail clippers, a nail file, and a pumice stone.
• I bought a pair of soft socks made of cotton or wool.
• I bought a pair of shoes that are comfortable for me and that cover my feet. I gave away the shoes that do not fit me.
• I put slippers (slippers) on the side of the bed to use when getting up.
• I bought an unbreakable mirror to help me see the soles of my feet.
• I will ask a relative or health professional for help if I can not see my feet.
• I will go to my next medical appointment.
• I will ask my doctor if I need to wear special shoes.
• I will plan a physical activity program with my doctor.
• I will stop smoking.

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Diabetic foot: The ideal footwear

In people with diabetes, the use of inappropriate footwear causes 80% of foot injuries. Knowing how to choose good shoes is essential if we want to avoid complications.



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It has become an indispensable complement to fashion, especially for women, but footwear is, above all, a basic element of safety and protection for the feet , especially in the case of people with diabetes. They protect us from the temperatures and the discomfort of the soil, but, despite being so fundamental to our well-being, we do not give them enough importance.

Diabetic foot, problematic foot

Having diabetes makes us more likely to suffer from foot problems. Diabetes can cause nerve damage, which can make us less sensitive when it comes to perceiving an injury or pressure on the feet and do not notice it until there is already a wound or a serious infection.

In addition, diabetes changes the body's ability to fight infections. The damage to the blood vessels causes less blood and oxygen to reach the feet . Because of this, small sores, cracks or wounds on the skin can develop into deep skin ulcers . If we do not take proper care of them, they can become infected and, if they become gangrenous, it may be necessary to amputate the affected part of the foot , often the fingers. Hence the importance of wearing your feet at all times with comfortable shoes to avoid injury.

Socks also matter

Always wear shoes with socks or stockings , but make sure they do not have seams or seams and that they are made of natural fabrics (linen, cotton, wool), which perspire better. They should not have elastics that tighten the leg or foot, to avoid poor circulation.

Choose the most suitable footwear

    They must be leather and breathable. They should be of good quality, so forget about those shoes that are not genuine leather.

•     Make sure they do not oppress you or leave you loose.
•     With the ability to incorporate templates.
•     With wide and high forefoot, to allow the mobility of the fingers. Nothing of narrow tips.
•     With lycra on the sides, so they are easier to put on and take off and adapt better to the shape of the foot.
•     They should have a smooth inner lining, without seams, to avoid chafing.
•     Lightweight, weighing little.
•     The sole must be shock absorbing and non-slip rubber. And with a heel between 2 and 3 cm high and wide base.

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Care of the feet in diabetics

ULCERAS APPEAR IN 15% OF DIABETICS !!

Ulceras.net encourages you that if you are diabetic, you go regularly to your Nurse in the health center or to your Family Doctor, Endocrine or Podiatrist so that at least once a year they check your feet to detect any problem in a way preventive before it's too late.



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Here we recommend a series of simple measures in relation to foot care:

As a result of poor control of diabetes, there is a decrease in the blood supply of the legs (vasculopathy) and an involvement of the nerves of the legs and feet (neuropathy), this is what we call diabetic foot.

When we are facing a decompensated diabetes with long evolution, the chances of lesions on the feet increase.


HYGIENE AND CARE OF THE FEET IN THE DIABETIC PATIENT

The care of the feet is very important and more so in the diabetic patient, because due to the decrease in sensitivity, with or without the coexistence of blood flow deficit, injury or ulceration can occur.

The prevention of ulcers or infections in the foot of the diabetic will depend on the degree of knowledge that the patient has in terms of hygiene, hydration or footwear.

Do not forget, it's up to you.

Follow the following instructions:

"You should observe your feet every day, looking for any small scratches, wounds or redness." Six places on the sole of the foot should be controlled: the tip of the big toe, the base of the small fingers, the base of the middle fingers, also the heel and the outside of the foot and the plant ".

HYGIENE

It is necessary to wash the foot daily with mitten, soft sponge or hand and warm water (less than 37º). Do not prolong the bath beyond 5 minutes so as not to cause the skin to macerate. Use neutral soap adding paraffin oil to the water to make it more emollient.


DRYING

To dry the feet it is better to do it by contact, avoiding friction as much as possible and paying special attention to the interdigital areas. If the foot does not dry well, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms is usually favored.

Hydration of diabetic feet

HYDRATION

After daily hygiene apply moisturizer on the heel plant and back of both feet to prevent dryness. For this use 15% urea creams. Hydrating the interdigital spaces or doing massages with alcohol or cologne is counterproductive.

THE ONES

The nails have a protective function, therefore, they should protrude 1 or 2 mm in front of the finger and in this sense, the nail cut should be straight and not curved like in the hands, the nails should be cut with round tip scissors or file with a cardboard file never metallic.

CALLICIDES

Do not use callicides or pumice stones, or manipulate calluses or other lesions on your feet, if you detect any abnormality, consult with your healthcare team.

FOOTWEAR

Knowing how to choose footwear is very important.

shoes for diabetics

How to make shoes for diabetics

Shoe characteristics

•     Leather and non-slip sole
•     With laces or velcro
•     Wide heel and not too high (2-3 cm in men and 5 cm in women)
•     Seamless inside
•     Adjustable thermos
•     Lycra shovel (in case of alteration in the fingers)
•     Soles and heels must not be worn
•     They should not squeeze or be too baggy because they produce chafing
•     When buying new shoes it is convenient to go to the last hour of the day because it is when the foot is more bloated
•     Do not always wear the same footwear
•     The adaptation to new shoes must be progressive.

Check the inside of the shoe every day with your hand in search of anything that, however small (pebble, ...), passes unnoticed and can cause an injury or chafing.

PROTECTION

Avoid walking barefoot on any surface or floor. The foot should always be (at home, on the beach, in the pool etc.) well protected, to prevent unnecessary injuries.

Regarding the dress of the feet, never use synthetic socks and thick seams, or garters or belts that compress and compromise the circulation is most appropriate to use socks made of natural fibers (cotton, yarn or wool) and light tones for detection precocious wound

Do not use electric pads, hot water bottles or any other source of heat to warm your feet. You may burn without realizing it due to altered sensitivity.

TOBACCO

tobacco diabetic foot ulcers

The tobacco narrows the arteries and does not favor an adequate supply of oxygen to your feet. Go periodically to your doctor to ensure good control of your diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc.). It is advisable to exercise daily in the form of walks on flat terrain and at a good pace for at least one hour.

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Prevention of diabetic foot: Measures to be taken

Establishing adequate prevention in patients with diabetes is extremely important to avoid, control and minimize the appearance of diabetic foot and, therefore, its complications.

The presence of diabetic foot is the most serious and costly complication among all that Diabetes Mellitus triggers. The existence of an ulceration can be in many cases, the principle of a major or minor amputation with the consequences that this implies.



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Diabetic foot prevention program

It is demonstrated that with a well implemented prevention program , amputation rates can be reduced by 49-85%.

Without a doubt: Prescribing prevention in patients with diabetes, should be the first therapeutic option that we should sign and seal, to avoid diabetic foot.

The first thing that we must achieve is to make the patient with diabetes understand (always without being alarmists) the severity of his illness , how important it is to have a good control of it and the consequences that can be triggered , if the diagnosis becomes trivialized. Diabetes Mellitus .

Not all people with Diabetes Mellitus have the same risk of suffering diabetic foot, being the factors of greater risk the presence of:

•     Peripheral neuropathy
•     Deformities in the foot (bunions, claw toes, presence of bony prominences, ingrown toenails, etc.)
•     Peripheral vascular disease.
•     History of previous injury / ulceration or amputation.

Without forgetting, we also have other factors to control in patients with diabetes, because their presence added to those cited above, can multiply by four the possibility of developing some type of injury and therefore a diabetic foot such as:

•     Present more than 10 years of evolution of his diabetes with poor metabolic control (high glycemia persistently).
•     Bad hygienic habits of your feet.
•     Use of inappropriate shoes.
•     Smoking
•     Obesity.
•     Hypertension.

We are all clear at this point, that in order to control the   diabetic foot it is essential to approach from a multidisciplinary team , where the patient with diabetes is one more of the team , because, but we get the diabetic patient is involved in their disease and control of it, I dare to say, that the prognosis of the diabetic foot will not be the most optimal.

Health professionals, we must instruct our diabetic patients (in a clear, understandable and individualized) improving their ability to control , teaching them to identify possible problems they may have in the foot and motivating them to have an active collaboration in their prevention .

Appropriate steps to follow

For this we must train their skills and instruct them in the appropriate steps to follow, such as:

•     What basic care can be carried out at home and how they should be carried out.
•     When they should go to the consultation.
•     What should they do if they observe that they have an ulcer or if the ulcer that they have worsens their evolution.
•     What are the risk factors that harm you?
•     Among the existing therapeutic options, which are the most suitable for your ulcer.
•     What should they do when the ulcer is closed and, above all, how to prevent them from having another one?
•     How often should they go to the podiatrist to keep a good maintenance of their feet.

It is our responsibility to teach diabetes patients how to properly care for their foot.

Another parameter that we must take into account is that, on many occasions, when patients leave the clinic they do not remember anything more than a small portion of what is spoken. Therefore, it is important that this training is carried out in several sessions and we provide it in writing .

The use of different methods such as triptychs, photographs, phantoms, etc. In addition to helping us to give proper training to diabetic foot patients, they also help us to evaluate if the patient with diabetes has understood the content of the explained, if he is motivated to carry it out and if he has acquired the skills for his personal care.

The international diabetic foot group defines what are the points that must be addressed when instructing high-risk patients through a comprehensive foot care plan that includes:

•     Treatment by professionals specialized in foot care (podiatrists).
•     Skilled footwear specialized and properly prescribed ( not worth any footwear ).
•     Health education of the patient.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN BY THE PATIENT AT RISK OF HAVING DIABETIC FOOT:

1. Strict control of glucose

2. No smoking

3. Daily inspection of the feet

You need to check your feet daily, either directly or through the use of a mirror. Another option is for another person to check your feet, in case the person with diabetes can not do so or has visual disturbances.

It is best to always establish the same pattern: check back of the foot, examine well the interdigital areas and finally the sole of the foot. In this way, we can detect any variation in sample skin or nails early.

4. Periodic washing of the feet

Use warm water, about 37º. Check the temperature of the water before submerging the foot with a thermometer or with the elbow, to avoid burns.

5. Careful drying

With a fine towel, cellulose or toilet paper, especially in the interdigital areas or in the skin folds.

6. Do not use irritant products

Like callicides, alcohol, home remedies or blades to remove hardness and calluses.

7. Daily hydration

Avoiding the interdigital areas and the excess of creams that could cause the development of fungi in the feet.

8. Cut or file the nails in a straight line

With blunt scissors or straight tip pliers.

9. Calluses, hardness, thick or curved nails

They must be removed and checked by your podiatrist.

10. Do not walk barefoot at home or out of it

Always use appropriate footwear based on each terrain and circumstance.

11. Inspect the inside of the shoe before putting it on

Make sure with your hand that there is no object inside the shoe that could injure or trigger an ulcer.

12. Perform daily change of socks

Try to buy socks without internal seams or put them with the seams out (inside out), to avoid chafing. Use natural fabrics such as cotton, yarn or wool.

13. Do not wear tight shoes

Wear comfortable footwear, with rounded toe, wide in the forefoot (that respects the width of our foot), flexible back, with wide heel of 2-3 cm and sturdy soles with a good shank and adequate reinforcements, to help us to walk.

With some exceptions and always by prescription of your podiatrist, the footwear should not be able to bend as if it were a cloth.

14. Do not use electric blankets, heaters, hot water bags

It could burn

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How to protect the feet in diabetes

Prevention is key

It is also important to perform an annual check with your doctor to determine whether or not it presents a risk of developing foot problems.



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In addition, there are a number of simple steps that people with neuropathy can take to ensure good foot care:

• * Inspect the feet every day, including the plants and the space between the fingers.
• * Check the shoes (inside and outside) before putting them on.
• * Cut your nails regularly.
• * Wear comfortable footwear (with plenty of room for your fingers) and the right size.
• * Do not walk barefoot.
• * Avoid contact of the foot with heat sources (stoves, radiators, containers with hot liquid).

If your doctor does not check your feet, please let him know. Prevention is the key to a good quality of life.

Diabetes can damage the nerves in the feet and reduce sensitivity. This way, you may not notice a foot injury or blister until it is very advanced. Another reason for the lack of sensitivity may be peripheral vascular disease, a complication in which blood flow to the feet or legs decreases.

The combination of nerve damage (neuropathy) and an insufficient supply of blood in the legs and feet in people with diabetes, usually leads to the appearance of ulcers, infection and gangrene. This can, ultimately, lead to amputation and even death.

Diabetes can affect the nerves in the feet and make it harder to perceive wounds. An uncured wound can become infected.

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How to prevent ulcers on the feet for diabetic

The best strategy to prevent complications of diabetes, such as foot ulcers, is to properly control diabetes with a healthy diet, regular exercise, blood sugar control and compliance with the prescribed medication regimen.



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Proper foot care will help prevent problems with the feet and will guarantee immediate medical attention when a problem arises. The tips for proper foot care include the following:

    Check your feet daily. Check your feet once a day for blisters, cuts, cracks, sores, redness, tenderness or swelling. If you have trouble reaching your feet, use a hand mirror to look at the soles of your feet. If you find it uncomfortable to hold the mirror, place it on the floor or ask someone else for help.

    Wash your feet every day. Wash your feet daily with warm water (not hot). Dry them gently, especially between your fingers. Use a pumice stone to gently rub the skin of the area where calluses are usually formed.

    Sprinkle talcum or corn starch between the toes to keep the skin dry. Use a lotion or moisturizer on the back and sole of the feet to keep the skin soft. Prevent cracking of dry skin helps prevent the entry of bacteria.

    Do not eliminate calluses or other lesions of the feet yourself. To avoid injuring the skin, do not use nail files, clippers or nail scissors on calluses, corns, bunions, or warts. Do not use chemicals to eliminate warts. Consult your doctor or foot specialist (podiatrist) to eliminate any of these injuries.

    Cut your nails carefully. Cut your nails straight. File the sharp edges carefully, using a nail file. If you can not cut your nails yourself, ask a caregiver for help.
    Do not walk barefoot. To prevent foot injuries, do not walk barefoot, even inside the house.
    Use dry and clean socks. Use socks made of fibers that keep perspiration away from the skin, like special acrylic fibers and cotton, not nylon. Avoid socks with tight elastic that reduce circulation, or socks with seams that can irritate the skin.

    Buy shoes that fit well. Buy comfortable shoes that provide support and cushion the heel, arch and foot pad (metatarsal region). Avoid tight shoes and high heels or narrow shoes that squeeze the toes.

•     If one foot is larger than the other, choose the right size for the largest foot. The doctor can recommend specially designed shoes (orthopedic shoes) that adjust to the exact shape of your feet, cushion and distribute the weight of the body evenly.
•     Do not smoke. Cigarette smoking worsens circulation and decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood. These circulatory problems can make the wounds more serious and the scarring is poor. Talk to your doctor if you need help to stop smoking.
•     Program periodic checks of the feet. The doctor or podiatrist can inspect the feet for early signs of nerve injury, circulation problems or other foot problems. Program controls the feet at least once a year, or more often, as recommended by the doctor.

Signs of problems

Contact your doctor if you have the following:

•     Ingrown toenails
•     Blisters
•     Plantar warts (skin-colored bumps with dark spots appearing on the soles of the feet)
•     Athlete's foot
•     An open sore or bleeding
•     Swelling
•     Redness
•     Heat in an area
•     Pain (although you probably do not feel anything if you have a nerve injury)
•     Discoloration of the skin
•     An unpleasant smell
•     An ulcer that lasts more than one or two weeks
•     An ulcer more than 3/4 of an inch (2 centimeters)
•     A pain that does not improve quickly
•     An ulcer so deep that you can see the bone below

The doctor will check your foot to make a diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.