The best probiotics Comparison & Buying Guide
Probiotics - Purchase Guide, Opinions and Analysis in 2019
Probiotics are elements present naturally in our body. But when they are scarce, it is necessary to contribute them from the outside so that our body works, since in case of not doing it we increase the possibility of suffering digestive problems and other diseases. That is why it is advisable to have an adequate probiotic supplement so that we do not have problems and with which to strengthen our defenses. And if this probiotic can be as natural as possible and be exempt from unnecessary or not interesting elements in your diet, much better. Within the market, consumers opt for products such as NutriTrust Natural Probiotic, an alternative that can be consumed by vegans or lactose intolerant without inconvenience. It has many benefits to improve the immune system and its components are completely natural. Another interesting product is the probiotic Aava Labs Probiolac , formed with 15 different strains and with a high purity system that helps improve your immune system.
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What are the best probiotics in the market?
Having good digestive health sometimes is not as simple and less so with the hectic pace of life that we lead. Therefore, some people need extra reinforcement when it comes to taking care of their digestive and immune system and they need to take probiotics that help protect our intestine and our body from the proliferation of pathogens and bacteria.
Before asking yourself how much this type of food supplement costs, you should be sure that this will be really beneficial for you and, since in the market the comparison of probiotics is so extensive that it is difficult to know which one is the best, we want to help you by offering you this guide to buy the best probiotic in which you can know what you should take into account before deciding to take this type of supplements.
Type of probiotic
Although all probiotics act directly on the digestive system, the fact is that 80% of the health of our immune system is directly related to our gastrointestinal tract. That is why, although we always get a benefit at the level of the digestive system, not all probiotics are used for the same purpose.
In the market, therefore, you will find probiotics specially indicated to regenerate your intestinal flora, usually composed of strains of dairy origin and that will help us to prevent and cure episodes of diarrhea, constipation, gastroenteritis etc.
On the other hand, we find probiotics that help us give a boost to our immune system in those moments of lack of defenses, such as when we are taking antibiotics or when we frequently get cold or are in treatment of autoimmune diseases.
You can also find probiotics indicated especially for women, since they help prevent urinary and reproductive system infections, as well as the proliferation of candids and even as a treatment for mastitis present during breastfeeding.
As you can see, there is no single type of probiotic, but, depending on the composition of the probiotic, it will be more suitable for one of these purposes. For this, before buying any of them, you must be clear about what use you want to give and what benefits you are looking for in it, so that you really notice that improvement.
Concentration of UFC (Colony Forming Units)
Another very important point to take into account is the concentration present in the chosen probiotics. And is that, since not all probiotics are used for the same purpose or have a similar composition, the concentration of colony forming units will not be the same in one as in another.
It is always advisable to opt for those products that offer you a large amount of CFU per tablet or capsule, as this will make the daily dose is reduced to the maximum, even only 1 tablet a day and therefore, not only will the container last longer , but you will notice the benefits of this supplement in your body much earlier.
Generally, this concentration ranges from 10 billion CFU to 30 billion CFU per tablet or capsule. So, depending on the use you want to give, look for those whose concentration is higher.
In addition, it is important to make sure that the lining of the tablets or capsules is steric, that is, it will not dissolve in your stomach but in your small intestine, which is where all the probiotics are really absorbed and where they will be really beneficial for you and your health.
Treatment duration
Before continuing and paying attention to the recommendations that all manufacturers include in their products, it is important to know that, although it is a nutritional supplement, it should never replace a model of cooking and healthy living and that it is also recommended that Talk to your doctor before taking this type of supplement, especially if you have a mild illness that seems. And with that said, we continue with the next point of this guide.
When we talk about duration of treatment, we refer to the amount of tablets or capsules that each product brings. And, while some brands bring treatment for about two weeks taking between 2 and 3 pills daily, others offer treatment for 6 months or a year with a single daily intake, a very interesting option if you must take this type of food supplement for a long period of time.
This duration will also depend, as we explained before, on the concentration present in each pill, therefore, the higher the concentration, the fewer daily doses you will have to take and your probiotic will last much longer.
Always opt for those brands that offer you a greater number of pills for the same price, but above all that these have a good concentration and therefore the daily intake is limited to one tablet.
What are the best probiotics of 2019?
If you lead such a busy life that you need a boost to protect your digestive and immune system from germs and bacteria and feel more secure in your day to day life, you will want to know which is the best probiotic for you and find the best probiotic of the moment. For this and after a thorough study, we have selected for you the best probiotics of 2019 among which you can choose the one that best suits your needs to improve your defenses and your intestinal flora.
Natural NutriTrust
Main advantage:
The most striking aspect of this option is that its components are completely suitable to be consumed by vegans and lactose intolerant, offering freedom of use.
Main disadvantage:
Probably, for some, its main disadvantage is that the boat barely contains 30 capsules, so they would have to acquire it monthly to keep the treatment active.
MAIN FEATURES EXPLAINED
Components
The consumption of probiotics is increasingly common in homes around the world thanks to the benefits they bring to health. Even if you or your family are in good condition, you will never reinforce some systems. If you want to buy a bottle of probiotics, the first thing you should know are its components.
In the case of the option offered by the NutriTrust brand, we have a bottle of 30 capsules. Each of the capsules contains one million CFU, that is, colonies of beneficial bacteria for health.
In addition to this, you should know that 100% of the ingredients of these probiotic capsules are 100% vegan and do not contain milk, so they are safe to consume for those who suffer from lactose intolerance or have a philosophy of life of consumption different to most.
Elaboration
Another detail that you should keep in mind when you are going to invest in a bottle of probiotics for your consumption or that of your family is the process of making the capsules. The more manipulation there has been, the less purity components can offer.
Therefore, we consider it an advantage that the NutriTrust probiotic does not contain elements unrelated to its main ingredients. Likewise, for the elaboration of this product a series of minimum steps were followed to avoid affecting the purity of the capsules.
It also does not contain fillers or unnecessary additives, which guarantees that your body will be receiving what it needs and nothing more than that. All content has a high quality standard, as well as a rigorous quality process.
And if you are pro-environment, you will be pleased to know that all the ingredients are obtained from renewable sources and the package is 100% recyclable.
Presentation
For some buyers, it is also important to consider the presentation of the probiotic bottle. This is usually evaluated based on whether you travel frequently, if you have space in the kit or if you do not want children to handle the bottle.
With the purchase of the NutriTrust option, you will get a small recyclable cardboard box in case you want to contribute your bit to the conservation of the environment. Both the box and the boat have a similar design with a combination of green and white for easy identification of the content.
As for the material, the bottle containing the capsules is made of brown glass and its lid is made of aluminum, so it offers security to prevent the container from opening accidentally even if you carry it in your handbag.
Aava Labs Probiolac
The probiotic Aava Labs Probiolac is another product interested to give extra protection and care to your body. This probiotic has a composition based on 15 different strains and with an approximate concentration of 30,000 million CFU, enough, therefore, to provide your body with the additional care it needs.
A few strains and a probiotic that takes care of your body, improve your digestive system and give them a help to your defenses. However, the pills do not include anything that should not be such as lactose, soy, gelatin or genetically modified organisms. Therefore, these pills are suitable for vegans and for people with different food allergies or intolerances.
A product that comes in a bottle of 60 capsules, enough, therefore, for a couple of months of treatment.
Designed to strengthen your digestive system and your overall health, let's learn more about the benefits of this product
Pros
Origin:
This probiotic has been made with 15 different strains, so it includes all kinds of elements suitable to improve your digestive health status.
Prolonged release:
The prolonged release system of these pills keeps the effect of these capsules active longer and more effectively.
Ingredients:
In the composition of these capsules we find nothing that should not be, being suitable for vegans and being free of genetically modified organisms.
Cons
Product Information:
According to some users, the product information is somewhat scarcer than it should be.
Effects:
Depending on the specific needs of each user, it is possible that the improvement generated by the product is delayed a little more, being necessary more time of treatment.
Nutravita Pure Cultures
This product of the brand Nativa is presented in a bottle of 180 capsules so you have enough to complete several months of treatment. They are composed of beneficial ingredients for the improvement of the immune system, thus helping to avoid viral diseases, such as influenza.
Each of the capsules contains 2 trillion CFU, that is, healthy bacteria-forming colonies. Also, all ingredients have purity and no extra chemicals have been added, so they do not have contaminants.
The boat has dimensions of 2.4 x 4.6 x 10 centimeters so you can take it in your bag or accommodate it in your bathroom and so do not forget to take your probiotics in the morning or when you are traveling away from home. In addition, it is highlighted that it is transparent, making it easy for you to see how many capsules are left and thus acquire a new bottle before your supplement is finished.
Consuming probiotics can help improve your overall health, whether you want supplements to energize you or strengthen your system.
Pros
Quantity:
With the purchase of this product you will obtain a total of 180 probiotic capsules so that you can maintain your treatment for several months.
UFC:
Each of the capsules of the boat has 2 trillion CFU, that is, it will have a significant impact on your body.
Boat:
Your boat is comfortable to use and also to transport so you do not skip days and keep concurrence with the consumption.
Cons
Price:
You must bear in mind that it is the most expensive probiotic in the list.
Gluten:
Some buyers indicate that it is not specified if the capsules contain gluten, a detail to be considered by those who are sensitive to it.
Plastimea Nutri + Actibior Pro-Immun
This probiotic is a potent protector of the digestive system that acts as a barrier to the intestinal mucosa producing mucus that pathogens enter your intestine. Your intestinal flora is balanced and thus favors the correct digestion of food and the elimination of waste and toxins from your body.
This probiotic comes in a convenient container in which you can find 60 capsules of plant origin with synergy by association of strains lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, all from the family of lactic bacteria, which will protect, so , both your digestive system and your immune system, will protect the intestinal mucosa and help you to prevent food allergies and intolerances.
Among the probiotics in capsules present in the market, this brand offers you the complete treatment for a month since the recommended daily dose is 2 capsules daily taken with a large glass of water, so you will not have to worry during all that weather.
For many, the effects and quality of this option make it worthy of the position of the best probiotic of the moment, in addition, it is also one of the cheapest:
Pros
Composition:
This option among the best probiotics presents a composition of different bacteria and yeasts, among which are lactococcus lactis, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium bifidum. All of them focus on the improvement of the intestinal environment and the correct growth of its flora.
Bacteria:
As indicated by the manufacturer, each of the Actibior Pro - Immun capsules contains up to 10.5 billion bacteria, so that an absolute presence in the stomach and other organs that can benefit from the advantages of the probiotic drug is guaranteed.
Benefits:
These probiotics promise to improve the digestive system and functioning in general, so that it is easier for you to process the food. In addition, it promotes the correct elimination of natural toxins, making you feel more active and much healthier.
Capsules:
Each bottle of Actibior Pro - Immun contains a total of 60 capsules. The dosage recommended by the manufacturer is two capsules per day, which would get treatment for a full month.
Dimensions:
And if you have to go on a trip and want to keep your probiotic intake, the Actibior Pro - Immun comes in a small pot of 5 x 5 10.4 centimeters and a weight of 50 grams, so you can comfortably carry it in your suitcase or handbag.
Navit Plus Defenses
The Navit Plus Defenses tablets are a probiotic manufactured in Spain and with sanitary registration with which we can have the corresponding tranquility of a product controlled correctly.
Inside we have 60 capsules with a concentration of 10,000 million CFU from various strains, which help you improve your digestive health and the state of your body, in general.
In particular, the main strains included are those of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, although they are combined with others to give your body that much-needed extra. Therefore, you only need one daily pill to obtain these benefits. So thanks to the 60 capsules included in the bottle you can have treatment for a couple of months at a price that is also interesting, in relation to other probiotics in the market.
If you prefer a product manufactured in Spain and properly controlled by the national health authorities, this probiotic is an interesting option.
Pros
Concentration:
These pills have a concentration of 10,000 million CFU with which it is easy to give a boost to your immune system.
Presentation:
This product is presented in a bottle of 60 capsules, enough for two months of treatment.
Sanitary registration:
The laboratory that manufactures the product is registered with AECOSAN as a sanitary company, being a product of national manufacture.
Cons
Unwanted ingredients:
Depending on the composition of the product, it includes some elements such as dyes and binders.
For vegans:
The product does not indicate that it is certified for vegans, although a priori it does not seem to have any ingredient of animal origin.
How to use a probiotic
The human organism is a complex, but balanced, system capable of defending itself against attacks by bacteria or other elements that may alter its functioning. However, it also requires help when the use of antibiotics, for example, alters that balance making these bacteria scarce. This is how probiotics naturally reinforce this system.
What are the probiotics for?
Basically, probiotics serve to balance the natural bacterial systems of the body that intervene in the defense against agents or elements that can affect your health. That is why these microorganisms contained in capsules, or in any other presentation, help greatly to restore the bacterial flora of the intestines, as well as the vaginal one, when you have suffered an infection or your balance is affected by some medication.
Probiotics also intervene in the proper functioning of the digestive system, improving the digestion process. They help in the absorption of food, as well as in the assimilation of some vitamins and supplements that improve your health, thus strengthening the entire immune system. In general, probiotics are indicated to treat gastroenteritis and diarrhea when it is caused by infections, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis and vaginal infections.
How to consume them
If you are going to consume probiotics by prescription of a doctor, this will surely give you the indications of how to take them; follow his instructions to the letter. If you are going to use these probiotic supplements on your own, read the instructions contained in the box of the probiotic that you have chosen or that you consider will help you to restore your health.
It is also important that you do not consume it fasting. Eat the foods you use and take the probiotic you bought just before or during the meal. For a better digestion or release process of microorganisms, you must consume foods with a reduced fat content.
Risks of excess probiotics
Although probiotics help to balance your health, consuming them in excess can be contraindicated, producing conditions of greater relevance than those you want to treat with these probiotic supplements. That is why it is important to follow the indications for use, either from the treating doctor or those given by the manufacturer of the product on the label.
For example, an excess of probiotics can cause severe diarrhea as an immune system response to get rid of bacteria that are not characteristic of the flora or that are too abundant to maintain the balance of the system.
Care you must have
It is very important that you do not consume probiotics without first having eaten food or taking them just before eating. Nor should you exceed the time period or the recommended doses. Do not swallow the probiotic with acidic drinks.
Keep the capsules or supplement in a cool place away from any source of heat. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for preservation. During the duration of the therapy, try to consume a lot of fiber to reinforce the action of probiotics.
The most popular brands
Through a diet rich in probiotics you can add to your body the resources you need to fight a lot of intestinal ills, but it is not about buying the first product you see, but rather to investigate which ones are best for you. That is why we have analyzed the most popular brands of probiotics on the web and then present the information collected with the intention that you can make a better choice.
When we talk about famous brands of probiotics, Renew-Life is one of the leaders and one of the favorite options of users around the world; As a company, it was founded in 1997 in the city of Florida, USA. UU Since then the main motive has been to improve the health status of people, helping them to keep their bowels in optimal operating conditions; during the last two decades they seem to have achieved this promise.
All its formula is made with top quality ingredients so you can get the best benefits of each. Its product catalog is composed of high potency probiotics, fibers, digestive aids, enzymes and internal cleaning products.
Among the most popular probiotics you can find some focused on men, women and children, others for daily care and others for more specialized care; consequently, it will be easy to find one that fits completely with you.
Garden of Life is considered by many as the number one brand of the naturist industry, has at least 11 official certifications that endorse the good quality of its products.
The brand has a line called Raw probiotics that are mixed, stored and transported at controlled temperatures to maintain nutrients, enzymes and probiotic strains in the best possible state, thus being able to offer better health benefits.
The success of the brand is due to the effort it puts into producing real foods, avoiding any synthetic formula created in a laboratory; they never compromise the health of their clients, so they do not mind having a slower production process and doing everything by hand.
Among the principles that define them you can find: analyze the food that our body really needs; understand that clean is healthy and, finally, know at all times the sources from which each of the ingredients comes.
GT Dave was raised as a vegetarian, from an early age his parents initiated him into the principles of Eastern philosophy, a fact that allowed him to adopt a more spiritual vision of the world, as well as great respect for all living beings.
The inspiration to create natural products formulated to support the digestive and corporal well-being would come from inspiration of his own mother, who would have used a homemade drink to reduce the negative effects of the illness she suffered. In 1995, with only 15 years, GT Dave began to bottle his Kombucha in the kitchen of his parents' house south of the city of California.
After 22 years of action, the small lots of GT's Kombucha continue to be distributed and hundreds of people continue to benefit from the positive effect it brings to their lives. So far, the company has 2 star products, on the one hand, Kombucha, a tasty and naturally effervescent tea with probiotic action; The other product is Kefir, a fermented product rich in probiotics and made from fresh coconut.
Frequently asked questions
Q1: Do probiotics extend life?
According to studies carried out by CONICET and the National University of Rosario in Argentina, the Bacillus Subtilis probiotic bacterium has the ability to slow aging, prolong life and maintain vitality by simply colonizing the human intestine.
Experts have proven that this probiotic increases life expectancy from 80 to 120 years in a healthy way. In Japan, natural products fermented with this bacterium are regularly consumed, which shows the beneficial effects in people, since this ethnic group has a longevity index higher than the world average.
Q2: Is it safe to consume probiotics during pregnancy?
Researchers from Canada conducted a meta-analysis and concluded that there is no contraindication to the use of probiotics during pregnancy or during breastfeeding. Their studies determined that there is no association that relates this treatment with gestational age, birth weight or with miscarriages and congenital malformations.
The use of probiotics, either in food supplements or in natural foods, helps the digestive system of the mother to work in an optimal way, eliminating bad bacteria. Likewise, they are capable of restoring the bacterial flora during episodes of diarrhea.
Q3: Is there any relationship between the use of probiotics and alcohol?
Excessive consumption of alcohol can seriously affect the health of people and cause irreversible liver damage; but it can also alter the normal balance of the intestine. The use of probiotics can help counteract the serious damage caused by alcohol in the digestive system and help restore the recommended levels of good bacteria.
Alcohol increases the amount of stomach acids, which affects the risk of peptic ulcers and gastritis. It can also cause indigestion, nausea and vomiting; so ingesting probiotics can be of great help to regularize the bacterial flora inside the intestines. However, it should be remembered that excessive consumption of alcohol could damage other organs and also affect the social life of the person.
Q4: Probiotics and their benefit for constipation
Constipation affects many people in the world and occurs when there is an imbalance between the levels of the billions of bacteria that inhabit the intestine. The use of probiotics favors the production of lactic acid and fatty acids, which reduce the pH in the colon, increase peristalsis and improve intestinal regularity.
Many experts recommend probiotics that contain species such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, since they are capable of increasing mucosal secretion from the conversion of bile salts, which helps to improve the causes of constipation and to eliminate stools naturally.
Q5: Are probiotics help to lose weight?
The studies carried out with probiotics show that they are efficient when it comes to helping us lose weight and eliminate the accumulated fat in the abdomen. Some probiotics of the Lactobacillus family can inhibit the absorption of fats from meals, which favors the increase in the amount of fats that are excreted in the faeces. Foods such as yogurt fermented with this bacteria can help reduce body fat by up to 4% over a period of 6 weeks; as shown by a study conducted with 125 people who were on a diet regimen.
Q6: Probiotics and their effect during chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is characterized by attacking cancer cells (those that divide rapidly and in a disorganized manner), but it also affects healthy cells, including the cells of the digestive tract. This damage caused by chemotherapy causes inflammation, pain and diarrhea, since the intestines are not able to absorb nutrients efficiently. In these cases, the consumption of probiotics can help relieve diarrhea associated with the effects of chemotherapy.
However, although it is demonstrated that the consumption of probiotics is beneficial for the vast majority of people, when dealing with patients with cancer, great care must be taken with their administration. This is because chemotherapy damages the bone marrow and compromises the immune system, so that some bacteria present in probiotics, could cause infections in the blood and heart. For this reason and in the face of this potential risk, scientists work to determine which strains are the most suitable for these cases.
Friday, February 15, 2019
NOVA Probiotics Vegan Ultra Strength & Travel 73 Billion Probiotics per Capsule-30 VCaps
The definitive guide to the best probiotics for the skin
The use of probiotics is booming, but did you know that each type brings different benefits to your skin? We show you which are the recommended ones to get the best results
Our body hosts more than one million microbes , a generic term for all those organisms invisible to the naked eye, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Microbes, or microorganisms, play a crucial role in a broad spectrum of health problems , since they can spread deadly diseases to protect against them. Although we have known for some time the benefits of "good bacteria" in the intestine (thanks to 'active' yogurts), recent studies have shown that the same premise can be applied to the quality of our skin. It is time to find out what those 'bugs' we need to regain maximum splendor.
NOVA Probiotics Vegan Ultra Strength & Travel 73 Billion Probiotics per Capsule-30 VCaps
"The bacterial colonies of the intestine are directly linked to the skin: you will not have good skin if the condition of your intestine is not optimal, " explains nutritionist Kamilla Schaffner , My London , whose clientele includes from distressed urbanites with a lot of work and little time even mothers in the postpartum period or patients with chronic health problems. "On the other hand, the skin itself has a complex ecosystem , or microbiome, similar to the intestinal flora," says skin care expert Lisa Franklin. As Dr. Justine Hexhall points out , our skin is "the body's first defense and communicates constantly with our immune system . " Nobody knows better than this dermatologist, accustomed to advise from its clinic, Tarrant Street Clinic (in Arundel) to innumerable insiders of the world of beauty.
You may ignore it happily, but your body is literally plagued with microbes , with more than a million of them in every square inch of skin. But this is a good thing : "Healthy microbiomes self-pollinate to ensure that one type of bacteria does not dominate the others," says Lisa Franklin . According to Dr. Whitney Bowe, author of The beauty of Dirty Skin , we can be our worst enemy when it comes to protecting this delicate infrastructure . "If your good microorganisms are healthy, so will your skin , because they are essential to fight infections, protect from environmental damage, stimulate our immune system and keep skin hydrated and radiant.Our obsession with antibacterial cleansers strips the skin of its healthy bacteria , "he explains. "If the healthy microbiome of the skin is interrupted, rashes, rosacea breakouts, psoriasis, eczema and even sensitive skin occur."
The alarming thing is that in these cases, our digestive system works at par. "I do all my patients intestinal tests and more than 90 percent have NG [no growth of beneficial bacteria] , averts Nigma Talib , naturopath and author of Younger Skin Starts in the Gut and famous for serving to prestigious clients. "Age, diet, lack of probiotics, exposure to antibiotics and pregnancy can affect this."
The rescue comes in the form of a wide range of products in constant growth: probiotics, prebiotics and even postbiotics. All come prepared to be taken orally and ready to permanently sneak into our care routines. " The American Academy of Dermatology has extolled the great advance of probiotics for the skin due to its healing, soothing and antimicrobial properties," explains Franklin. "They can help in many ways and, depending on the type of probiotic you use, your skin will get different results," confirms Claire Vero , creator of the Aurelia Probiotic Skincare brand. But with more than 1,000 different strains at our disposal, what kind of probiotic should we turn to?
Skin prone to the appearance of spots
What to drink: Schaffner recommends inulin powder , a prebiotic fiber that arrives undigested in the small intestine and once there, helps bacterial proliferation.
What to use: skin care containing eutropha nitrosomes (such as AO + Mist from Mother Dirt ). "In one month, users see a 35 percent increase in skin cleansing," says Bowe. Somewhat later in the year, think of products containing enterococcus faecalis SL-5 , a new "natural antibiotic" known as enterocin (if you're imagining where faecalis comes from, you can imagine: it comes from the intestinal flora). According to a recent study, Dr. Hextall says it reduces acne by 50 percent in eight weeks.
What to eat: "Natural sources of inulin, such as bananas, onions and sweet potatoes , as well as apple cider vinegar , with anti-acne benefits," says Schaffner.
Dry skin with a tendency to eczema
What to take: lactobacillus rhamnosus produces lactic acid, which balances the pH of the skin and, thereby, protects it from bad bacteria.
What to use: the cause of eczema is a dominance of staphylococcus aureus, but regular use of Prebiotic Thermal Spring Water, from La Roche-Posay , can help the cultivation of healthy bacteria to reduce staphylococcal levels. They have also added the APB prebiotic (a form of vitreoscilla filiformis) , known to improve the skin with severe dryness.
What to eat: " Spirulina and olives contain prebiotics that retain moisture, " advises Schaffner.
Sensitive skin with a tendency to rosacea
What to take: Bifidobacterium lactis and lactobacillus paracasei provide an anti-inflammatory aid against rosacea and sensitive skin.
What to use: "The results published in the European Journal of Dermatology show that topical application of lactobacillus paracasei reduces inflammation and allergic reactions," explains Franklin. It is found, for example, in the Elizabeth Arden Superstart Probiotic Boost Mask , which moisturizes and soothes reactive skins.
What to eat: Foods rich in natural probiotics, such as aloe vera, yogurt and kefir, "says Schaffner.
Skin aged and damaged by the sun
What to take: Lactobacillus plantarum , since "there are studies that show that it preserves collagen, so that it protects against UVB rays, reduces wrinkles and improves elasticity," says Bowe.
What to use: the non-living bifidoglycoprotein used in Aurelia's treatments is the result of 10 years of research. "It calms the immune response that unleashes pollution and stress and thereby reduces damage to collagen, so it has more anti-aging properties than other probiotics, " explains Claire Vero.
What to eat: " Chrorella and fungi , both antioxidant prebiotics that protect against aging and sun damage ."
Glossary
-Probiotics: "They are what probiotics feed on to live," explains Dr. Bowe.
Benefits for the skin: nourishes it for the proliferation of good bacteria and increases bacterial diversity, crucial in our body.
- Probiotics: living microbes that preserve or recover good bacteria.
Benefits for the skin: reinforces the protective barrier, fights harmful bacteria and controls inflammation.
-Postbiotics: "Bacterial waste products that reinforce the protective barrier of the skin, including: enzymes, acids and peptides."
Benefits for the skin: combating allergic reactions, dermatitis, eczema, acne and helps the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.
5 tricks to know how to buy probiotics
The use of probiotics is booming, but did you know that each type brings different benefits to your skin? We show you which are the recommended ones to get the best results
Our body hosts more than one million microbes , a generic term for all those organisms invisible to the naked eye, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Microbes, or microorganisms, play a crucial role in a broad spectrum of health problems , since they can spread deadly diseases to protect against them. Although we have known for some time the benefits of "good bacteria" in the intestine (thanks to 'active' yogurts), recent studies have shown that the same premise can be applied to the quality of our skin. It is time to find out what those 'bugs' we need to regain maximum splendor.
NOVA Probiotics Vegan Ultra Strength & Travel 73 Billion Probiotics per Capsule-30 VCaps
"The bacterial colonies of the intestine are directly linked to the skin: you will not have good skin if the condition of your intestine is not optimal, " explains nutritionist Kamilla Schaffner , My London , whose clientele includes from distressed urbanites with a lot of work and little time even mothers in the postpartum period or patients with chronic health problems. "On the other hand, the skin itself has a complex ecosystem , or microbiome, similar to the intestinal flora," says skin care expert Lisa Franklin. As Dr. Justine Hexhall points out , our skin is "the body's first defense and communicates constantly with our immune system . " Nobody knows better than this dermatologist, accustomed to advise from its clinic, Tarrant Street Clinic (in Arundel) to innumerable insiders of the world of beauty.
You may ignore it happily, but your body is literally plagued with microbes , with more than a million of them in every square inch of skin. But this is a good thing : "Healthy microbiomes self-pollinate to ensure that one type of bacteria does not dominate the others," says Lisa Franklin . According to Dr. Whitney Bowe, author of The beauty of Dirty Skin , we can be our worst enemy when it comes to protecting this delicate infrastructure . "If your good microorganisms are healthy, so will your skin , because they are essential to fight infections, protect from environmental damage, stimulate our immune system and keep skin hydrated and radiant.Our obsession with antibacterial cleansers strips the skin of its healthy bacteria , "he explains. "If the healthy microbiome of the skin is interrupted, rashes, rosacea breakouts, psoriasis, eczema and even sensitive skin occur."
The alarming thing is that in these cases, our digestive system works at par. "I do all my patients intestinal tests and more than 90 percent have NG [no growth of beneficial bacteria] , averts Nigma Talib , naturopath and author of Younger Skin Starts in the Gut and famous for serving to prestigious clients. "Age, diet, lack of probiotics, exposure to antibiotics and pregnancy can affect this."
The rescue comes in the form of a wide range of products in constant growth: probiotics, prebiotics and even postbiotics. All come prepared to be taken orally and ready to permanently sneak into our care routines. " The American Academy of Dermatology has extolled the great advance of probiotics for the skin due to its healing, soothing and antimicrobial properties," explains Franklin. "They can help in many ways and, depending on the type of probiotic you use, your skin will get different results," confirms Claire Vero , creator of the Aurelia Probiotic Skincare brand. But with more than 1,000 different strains at our disposal, what kind of probiotic should we turn to?
Skin prone to the appearance of spots
What to drink: Schaffner recommends inulin powder , a prebiotic fiber that arrives undigested in the small intestine and once there, helps bacterial proliferation.
What to use: skin care containing eutropha nitrosomes (such as AO + Mist from Mother Dirt ). "In one month, users see a 35 percent increase in skin cleansing," says Bowe. Somewhat later in the year, think of products containing enterococcus faecalis SL-5 , a new "natural antibiotic" known as enterocin (if you're imagining where faecalis comes from, you can imagine: it comes from the intestinal flora). According to a recent study, Dr. Hextall says it reduces acne by 50 percent in eight weeks.
What to eat: "Natural sources of inulin, such as bananas, onions and sweet potatoes , as well as apple cider vinegar , with anti-acne benefits," says Schaffner.
Dry skin with a tendency to eczema
What to take: lactobacillus rhamnosus produces lactic acid, which balances the pH of the skin and, thereby, protects it from bad bacteria.
What to use: the cause of eczema is a dominance of staphylococcus aureus, but regular use of Prebiotic Thermal Spring Water, from La Roche-Posay , can help the cultivation of healthy bacteria to reduce staphylococcal levels. They have also added the APB prebiotic (a form of vitreoscilla filiformis) , known to improve the skin with severe dryness.
What to eat: " Spirulina and olives contain prebiotics that retain moisture, " advises Schaffner.
Sensitive skin with a tendency to rosacea
What to take: Bifidobacterium lactis and lactobacillus paracasei provide an anti-inflammatory aid against rosacea and sensitive skin.
What to use: "The results published in the European Journal of Dermatology show that topical application of lactobacillus paracasei reduces inflammation and allergic reactions," explains Franklin. It is found, for example, in the Elizabeth Arden Superstart Probiotic Boost Mask , which moisturizes and soothes reactive skins.
What to eat: Foods rich in natural probiotics, such as aloe vera, yogurt and kefir, "says Schaffner.
Skin aged and damaged by the sun
What to take: Lactobacillus plantarum , since "there are studies that show that it preserves collagen, so that it protects against UVB rays, reduces wrinkles and improves elasticity," says Bowe.
What to use: the non-living bifidoglycoprotein used in Aurelia's treatments is the result of 10 years of research. "It calms the immune response that unleashes pollution and stress and thereby reduces damage to collagen, so it has more anti-aging properties than other probiotics, " explains Claire Vero.
What to eat: " Chrorella and fungi , both antioxidant prebiotics that protect against aging and sun damage ."
Glossary
-Probiotics: "They are what probiotics feed on to live," explains Dr. Bowe.
Benefits for the skin: nourishes it for the proliferation of good bacteria and increases bacterial diversity, crucial in our body.
- Probiotics: living microbes that preserve or recover good bacteria.
Benefits for the skin: reinforces the protective barrier, fights harmful bacteria and controls inflammation.
-Postbiotics: "Bacterial waste products that reinforce the protective barrier of the skin, including: enzymes, acids and peptides."
Benefits for the skin: combating allergic reactions, dermatitis, eczema, acne and helps the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.
5 tricks to know how to buy probiotics
- Check the ingredients of the skin treatments: "If the probiotic is not near the top , it is too diluted to work," says Vero.
- Choose supplements with a head: "Choose the one with lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 endorsed by 30 years of results," says Talib.
- Search above all: "Supplements of 'delayed release . Probiotics are protected from stomach acid and will reach the intestine intact, "advises Dr. Bowe.
- It starts with: "A probiotic containing 10 to 15 billion CFU (colony forming units) and go up, since you may experience some swelling when you colonize your bowel again," Bowe adds.
- Check that the packaging is appropriate: "Skin care with probiotics are very sensitive to both light and air, so the glass and vacuum-free containers are the best," says Franklin.
Renew Life Ultimate Flora Extra Care Probiotic (Pack of 2)
Probiotics: Advantages of its consumption
Characteristics of probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria found in the intestine. They help maintain a healthy digestive system and limit the growth of harmful bacteria.
A healthy digestive system has the correct balance of bacteria, if that balance is altered it can affect health.
Renew Life Ultimate Flora Extra Care Probiotic (Pack of 2)
Probiotics can:
How do probiotics work?
They are very similar to the beneficial bacteria that already live in the intestine.
They are found naturally in foods such as yogurt and soy milk. You can also find additions to some foods and drinks.
There are nutritional supplements with probiotics and as in food, they are strains that have specific functions and their consumption is recommended preferably with medical indication.
Good and bad bacteria
When we talk about bacteria many times we usually associate them with a disease. However, there are also good bacteria that help strengthen your digestive system.
When we eat healthy bacteria in the form of probiotics (found in foods such as yogurt), we help promote the bacterial balance in our stomach.
In addition, it strengthens the immune system and prevents diseases. Some strains of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium infantis, have been shown to be beneficial for digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Do you know what kills healthy bacteria the most? Processed foods filled with preservatives. Its goal is to kill the bacteria that cause food to rot; but when they enter your digestive system, they also kill the healthy stomach bacteria that helps you to be alive. Eating healthy and fresh foods makes preservatives unnecessary.
Excessive consumption of antibiotics throughout your life, preservatives, meat treated with antibiotics, etc., help to get good bacteria from your digestive system.
Discover the benefits of being part of our community
The best choice...
The best probiotics are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium because they survive the adverse conditions of your stomach (acids) for the time necessary to do some good.
Cameron Diaz, in his book Ama tu cuerpo recommends the probiotic rice drink that provides 50 billion active bacteria L. Acidophilus and L. Casei and ensures that when you take probiotics regularly you feel good, as if it helps your body to help itself Likewise.
Characteristics of probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria found in the intestine. They help maintain a healthy digestive system and limit the growth of harmful bacteria.
A healthy digestive system has the correct balance of bacteria, if that balance is altered it can affect health.
Renew Life Ultimate Flora Extra Care Probiotic (Pack of 2)
Probiotics can:
- Prevent gastrointestinal pathologies such as infectious diarrhea, diarrhea due to the use of antibiotics, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Prevent and reduce the severity of colds or flu.
- There are many different types of probiotics. Most are of the variety Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , which are usually found in yoghurts.
- Treat some fungal infections, such as candidiasis.
- Prevent some allergic manifestations (rhinitis, atopic eczema).
- Treat and prevent colic in the infant.
How do probiotics work?
- They contribute to restoring the microbiota, that is to say, the microorganisms that habitually live in the intestine.
- Compete with pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine, inhibiting bacterial toxins and preventing infections.
- They produce antimicrobial substances against other unwanted organisms.
- They stimulate the immune system.
- They can act in various organs, for example in the respiratory, digestive, urinary, etc.
They are very similar to the beneficial bacteria that already live in the intestine.
They are found naturally in foods such as yogurt and soy milk. You can also find additions to some foods and drinks.
There are nutritional supplements with probiotics and as in food, they are strains that have specific functions and their consumption is recommended preferably with medical indication.
Good and bad bacteria
When we talk about bacteria many times we usually associate them with a disease. However, there are also good bacteria that help strengthen your digestive system.
When we eat healthy bacteria in the form of probiotics (found in foods such as yogurt), we help promote the bacterial balance in our stomach.
In addition, it strengthens the immune system and prevents diseases. Some strains of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium infantis, have been shown to be beneficial for digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Do you know what kills healthy bacteria the most? Processed foods filled with preservatives. Its goal is to kill the bacteria that cause food to rot; but when they enter your digestive system, they also kill the healthy stomach bacteria that helps you to be alive. Eating healthy and fresh foods makes preservatives unnecessary.
Excessive consumption of antibiotics throughout your life, preservatives, meat treated with antibiotics, etc., help to get good bacteria from your digestive system.
Discover the benefits of being part of our community
The best choice...
The best probiotics are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium because they survive the adverse conditions of your stomach (acids) for the time necessary to do some good.
Cameron Diaz, in his book Ama tu cuerpo recommends the probiotic rice drink that provides 50 billion active bacteria L. Acidophilus and L. Casei and ensures that when you take probiotics regularly you feel good, as if it helps your body to help itself Likewise.
D-Lactate Free Probiotics Powder - Custom Probiotics (100 Gram)
PROBIOTICS: WHAT ARE THEY AND HOW DOES THEY HELP YOUR ORGANISM?
Probiotics are living organisms, common beneficial beneficial bacteria of a healthy digestive system, and that incorporated into the diet or in the form of a supplement helps us to strengthen the body and improve our immune system . Its beneficial functions include promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients from the diet, improving intestinal transit, reducing flatulence, preventing the generation of toxins and preventing digestive disorders such as diarrhea and constipation.
They help to alleviate the adverse effects of some pharmacological treatments and maintain the good health of the intimate flora of women, especially after antibiotic treatments that end not only with the bacteria that cause the infection, but also with bacteria of the intestinal flora and vaginal.
D-Lactate Free Probiotics Powder - Custom Probiotics (100 Gram)
Recently new applications are being found to help in the treatment of asthma, dermatitis, psoriasis and allergies, all related to the proper functioning of the immune system.
Within the probiotics there are different varieties that can benefit you in intestinal diseases or syndromes, such as the irritable bowel. In addition, a good state of the intestinal flora helps to reduce fatigue and fatigue. Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, including all strains with applications in pharmacy, are the most common probiotics.
The bifidobacterium or commonly known as "bifidus" resides in the colon and is one of the bacteria that makes up the intestinal flora. It helps to properly perform digestion and has powerful anti-inflammatory properties.
On the other hand, lactobacillus gives rise to fermentation. Its characteristics make it important when regenerating the intestinal flora . As a curiosity to say also that it has a fundamental role when it comes to avoiding cavities.
There are foods in our day to day that are known for these characteristics, such as yoghurts and cheeses , fermented products with a great immunological power. It also highlights the kefir, fermented milk consumed in the Caucasus for its medicinal properties and that increasingly has more followers. Increase day by day the products that we can find with properties that help our body during the process of digestion. These products, specifically the variety of yoghurts, usually focus on the process of creation, improvement and repair of the intestinal flora, which is responsible for absorbing nutrients and synthesizing compounds.
Although it seems strange, chocolate is a food that contains bifidobacterium, has a beneficial role for health, helping digestion if a small amount is taken and with a high percentage of cocoa.
The daily intake of a natural yogurt can help, however the taking of probiotics is a great alternative for those who suffer problems with lactose or who prefer not to include it in their daily diet. However, the probiotics that we consume through food are not enough in states such as colds, stress, convalescence, antibiotics, exams, nervousness, etc., where the needs are greater.
At Farmacia Sagasta we offer you probiotics that you can incorporate into your daily diet by introducing safe and simple benign bacteria into your system. These bacteria multiply and help reject viruses and pathogenic bacteria.
Some of its benefits are:
Some of the recommended probiotics that you can find in Somos Tu Farmacia are:
ERGYPHILUS Comfort. Specific to treat gas and stomach swelling and ERGYPHILUS Plus , both with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. There is also the ERGYPHILUS Enfants version for children from 0 to 6 years old.
ergyphilus-comfort ergyphilus-plus ergyphilus-enfants
Lactoflora Protector intestinal, in its different presentations for children and adults, contains a mixture of probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and aloe vera.
lactoflora Probioguard . Contains 4 strains of beneficial bacteria specially designed to help prevent stomach upsets during travel. probioguard Bion Protect. For those who need extra doses of energy and vitamins. bion-protect
Come and visit us and we will tell you which is the most suitable for you. Remember to include it in your day to day and consuming it regularly you will be helping to improve your health. And do not forget that most probiotics should be stored in the refrigerator.
Probiotics are living organisms, common beneficial beneficial bacteria of a healthy digestive system, and that incorporated into the diet or in the form of a supplement helps us to strengthen the body and improve our immune system . Its beneficial functions include promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients from the diet, improving intestinal transit, reducing flatulence, preventing the generation of toxins and preventing digestive disorders such as diarrhea and constipation.
They help to alleviate the adverse effects of some pharmacological treatments and maintain the good health of the intimate flora of women, especially after antibiotic treatments that end not only with the bacteria that cause the infection, but also with bacteria of the intestinal flora and vaginal.
D-Lactate Free Probiotics Powder - Custom Probiotics (100 Gram)
Recently new applications are being found to help in the treatment of asthma, dermatitis, psoriasis and allergies, all related to the proper functioning of the immune system.
Within the probiotics there are different varieties that can benefit you in intestinal diseases or syndromes, such as the irritable bowel. In addition, a good state of the intestinal flora helps to reduce fatigue and fatigue. Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, including all strains with applications in pharmacy, are the most common probiotics.
The bifidobacterium or commonly known as "bifidus" resides in the colon and is one of the bacteria that makes up the intestinal flora. It helps to properly perform digestion and has powerful anti-inflammatory properties.
On the other hand, lactobacillus gives rise to fermentation. Its characteristics make it important when regenerating the intestinal flora . As a curiosity to say also that it has a fundamental role when it comes to avoiding cavities.
There are foods in our day to day that are known for these characteristics, such as yoghurts and cheeses , fermented products with a great immunological power. It also highlights the kefir, fermented milk consumed in the Caucasus for its medicinal properties and that increasingly has more followers. Increase day by day the products that we can find with properties that help our body during the process of digestion. These products, specifically the variety of yoghurts, usually focus on the process of creation, improvement and repair of the intestinal flora, which is responsible for absorbing nutrients and synthesizing compounds.
Although it seems strange, chocolate is a food that contains bifidobacterium, has a beneficial role for health, helping digestion if a small amount is taken and with a high percentage of cocoa.
The daily intake of a natural yogurt can help, however the taking of probiotics is a great alternative for those who suffer problems with lactose or who prefer not to include it in their daily diet. However, the probiotics that we consume through food are not enough in states such as colds, stress, convalescence, antibiotics, exams, nervousness, etc., where the needs are greater.
At Farmacia Sagasta we offer you probiotics that you can incorporate into your daily diet by introducing safe and simple benign bacteria into your system. These bacteria multiply and help reject viruses and pathogenic bacteria.
Some of its benefits are:
- Stimulates the immune system of your body, helping to prevent diseases and infections
- Relieve intestinal or stomach upsets such as diarrhea and flatulence
- Avoid cavities
- Regulate intestinal flora
- Improve your health and energy
- Reduce bad cholesterol levels
Some of the recommended probiotics that you can find in Somos Tu Farmacia are:
ERGYPHILUS Comfort. Specific to treat gas and stomach swelling and ERGYPHILUS Plus , both with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. There is also the ERGYPHILUS Enfants version for children from 0 to 6 years old.
ergyphilus-comfort ergyphilus-plus ergyphilus-enfants
Lactoflora Protector intestinal, in its different presentations for children and adults, contains a mixture of probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and aloe vera.
lactoflora Probioguard . Contains 4 strains of beneficial bacteria specially designed to help prevent stomach upsets during travel. probioguard Bion Protect. For those who need extra doses of energy and vitamins. bion-protect
Come and visit us and we will tell you which is the most suitable for you. Remember to include it in your day to day and consuming it regularly you will be helping to improve your health. And do not forget that most probiotics should be stored in the refrigerator.
GoLive Probiotic Products Probiotic and Prebiotic - Flavored Packets - Citrus Blueberry and Lemonade - 10/.47oz - 1 each (Pack of 2)
Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics
Due to the important advances made in the last 20 years in the field of nutrition, there is a change in the concept of nutrition and with it in the role of diet, going from providing the necessary nutrients to the idea that Diet may contain foods that, in addition to nourishing, specifically promote health. Thus the concept of "Functional Food" arises, this can be a natural food, a food to which a component has been added, eliminated or modified by biotechnological means, which in addition to providing the recommended nutrients, exerts beneficial effects on one or more functions of the organism, promoting health and reducing the risk of disease. One of the most prominent subgroups within functional foods is the PROBIOTICS .
The term "probiotic" was first introduced in 1965 by Lilly and Stillwell; unlike antibiotics, probiotic was defined as that factor of microbiological origin that stimulates the growth of other organisms. In 1989, Roy Fuller emphasized the viability requirement for probiotics and introduced the idea that they have a beneficial effect for the host.
GoLive Probiotic Products Probiotic and Prebiotic - Flavored Packets - Citrus Blueberry and Lemonade - 10/.47oz - 1 each (Pack of 2)
What are Probiotics?
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) "are living (harmless) microorganisms that administered in an adequate amount and form confer a benefit to the health of the host . " They are mainly lactic bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , they are known as BAL (Lactic Acid Bacteria), for their ability to convert carbohydrates into lactic acid. The three most commonly used species are: Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium spp . They can also be yeast Saccharomyces boulard and some species of Escherichia Coli and Bacilli .
These bacteria are screened, evaluating their ability to resist the acid pH of the stomach, the digestive enzymes and bile salts of the intestine, and to adhere to the mucus or intestinal epithelial cells that favor their survival and permanence in the digestive tract.
The most common forms for the administration of probiotics are:
It is very common to find tablets, capsules and sachets containing microorganisms in lyophilized form on the market. It is important to emphasize that once ingested, they survive in the digestive tract of the consumer where they regulate the intestinal microbiota and exert beneficial effects for their health.
A probiotic strain is identified by its genus, species, and an alpha-numeric designation. The scientific community has agreed on a nomenclature for microorganisms-for example, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Commercialization and commercial names are not regulated, and companies can name their probiotic products as they want-for example, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, LGG.
While there is a scientific consensus, there is no legal definition of the term "probiotic". The minimum criteria that should include an adequate description of a probiotic product are the following:
Some examples that are found in the market:
How do probiotics work?
Each individual harbors 100,000 million microorganisms of 400 species, mostly bacterial. More than 95% live in the digestive tract, especially in the colon. It is the so-called intestinal flora . In the maternal womb, the fetus lives in a sterile environment, without germs and in its intestine there is a total absence of bacterial agents. The concentration of bacteria in the intestine increases as the baby grows from the milk to the mixed feed. With growth the bacterial flora stabilizes. Throughout our lives, depending on the type of food we adopt and various intestinal conditions, the bacterial population will undergo changes in both quantity and quality. These bacteria that form the intestinal microbiota, proliferate inside the large intestine and ferment different elements producing beneficial substances for health, intervene in the normal development of the immune system and in the regulation of the body's response to pathogens. The function of the intestinal microbiota is to achieve good digestion, break down food and strengthen the immune system. Many times this function of the microbiota can be altered by various modifications, this is where the "probiotics" play a very important role acting at the level of the digestive tube stabilizing the composition of the bacterial flora and increasing the resistance of the organism against pathogens, improving and activating the defenses producing vitamins and digestive enzymes.
Dosage
The necessary dose of probiotics varies a lot depending on the strain and the product. While many over-the-counter products manage a range of 1-10 billion CFU per dose, some products have been shown to be effective at lower levels, while others require many more. It is not possible to establish a general dose necessary for probiotics; the dosage should be based on human studies that show a health benefit.
Probiotics and Health
The intention of using probiotics is to help the intestinal flora that appears naturally in the human body. Some probiotic preparations have been used to prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics or as part of the treatment of dysbiosis linked to antibiotics. There are studies that have documented the effects of probiotics in a series of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), vaginal infections, and as an immune booster. Some probiotics have been shown to increase the survival of preterm infants. Probiotics have also been investigated in relation to atopic eczema and the complications of liver cirrhosis.
In general, the greatest clinical evidence for probiotics is linked to its use in the improvement of intestinal health and the stimulation of immune function. The testing or use of probiotics in other pathological indications is only acceptable after the approval of an independent ethics committee.
What are Prebiotics?
Another alternative aimed at the functional improvement of foods through the modulation of the intestinal flora are the "prebiotics" . They are food substances, not digestible, that selectively nourish a group of microorganisms already existing in the intestine of the individual. They favor the multiplication of beneficial bacteria rather than harmful ones. That is, they are the fundamental substrate (the "food") of the probiotic bacteria.
Most prebiotics are used as ingredients in foods such as cookies, cereals, chocolates, creams and dairy products. They are characterized by being large molecules that can not be digested by the digestive enzymes of the upper gastrointestinal tract, reaching the large intestine where they are degraded by the bacterial microbiota.
The most known or commonly used are:
Lactulose favors the development of lactobacilli, and inulin and galacto and oligofructose favor the development of bifidobacteria.
Some examples:
Symbiotic
The combination of prebiotics with probiotics is defined as "symbiotic" . A synergic effect between both has been described, that is, the prebiotics can stimulate the growth of specific strains and therefore contribute to the installation of a specific bacterial microbiota with beneficial effects for health.
Examples of symbiotic that are presented in the market:
Due to the important advances made in the last 20 years in the field of nutrition, there is a change in the concept of nutrition and with it in the role of diet, going from providing the necessary nutrients to the idea that Diet may contain foods that, in addition to nourishing, specifically promote health. Thus the concept of "Functional Food" arises, this can be a natural food, a food to which a component has been added, eliminated or modified by biotechnological means, which in addition to providing the recommended nutrients, exerts beneficial effects on one or more functions of the organism, promoting health and reducing the risk of disease. One of the most prominent subgroups within functional foods is the PROBIOTICS .
The term "probiotic" was first introduced in 1965 by Lilly and Stillwell; unlike antibiotics, probiotic was defined as that factor of microbiological origin that stimulates the growth of other organisms. In 1989, Roy Fuller emphasized the viability requirement for probiotics and introduced the idea that they have a beneficial effect for the host.
GoLive Probiotic Products Probiotic and Prebiotic - Flavored Packets - Citrus Blueberry and Lemonade - 10/.47oz - 1 each (Pack of 2)
What are Probiotics?
According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) "are living (harmless) microorganisms that administered in an adequate amount and form confer a benefit to the health of the host . " They are mainly lactic bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , they are known as BAL (Lactic Acid Bacteria), for their ability to convert carbohydrates into lactic acid. The three most commonly used species are: Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium spp . They can also be yeast Saccharomyces boulard and some species of Escherichia Coli and Bacilli .
These bacteria are screened, evaluating their ability to resist the acid pH of the stomach, the digestive enzymes and bile salts of the intestine, and to adhere to the mucus or intestinal epithelial cells that favor their survival and permanence in the digestive tract.
The most common forms for the administration of probiotics are:
- NATURAL FOODS: they are found naturally in everyday foods such as fermented milk products (yogurt, milk, cheese), in fermented vegetables (olives, sauerkraut, soybeans and cereals), meat products and fermented fish and artisanal alcoholic beverages.
- FOODS WITH ADDED PROBIOTICS: Probiotic bacteria are added for the preparation of certain foods. It is a main requirement that these microorganisms remain viable and active in the food and during the gastrointestinal passage to guarantee its effect on the host.
- DIETETIC SUPPLEMENTS: they contain probiotics in the form of capsules or powder. It is not a medicine and its distribution is governed by the laws of food.
- MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OR BIOTERAPEUTIC AGENTS: it is a probiotic with approved therapeutic effect, ie it is a medicine.
It is very common to find tablets, capsules and sachets containing microorganisms in lyophilized form on the market. It is important to emphasize that once ingested, they survive in the digestive tract of the consumer where they regulate the intestinal microbiota and exert beneficial effects for their health.
A probiotic strain is identified by its genus, species, and an alpha-numeric designation. The scientific community has agreed on a nomenclature for microorganisms-for example, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
- GENDER SPECIES DESIGNATION OF THE CEPA
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
- Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001
Commercialization and commercial names are not regulated, and companies can name their probiotic products as they want-for example, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, LGG.
While there is a scientific consensus, there is no legal definition of the term "probiotic". The minimum criteria that should include an adequate description of a probiotic product are the following:
- Identification of genus and species, nomenclature that matches the scientifically recognized names.
- Be alive in the product.
- Administer in adequate doses, which should be based on the induction of the declared physiological effect.
- Have been shown to be effective in controlled studies in humans.
- Be innocuous for the use for which they would be intended.
Some examples that are found in the market:
- Fermented milk: some contain Lactobacillus casei defensis DN 114001 with a concentration of 108 CFU / ml. It decreases the duration of diarrhea, helps balance the intestinal flora and promotes the absorption of nutrients, it also helps to improve the immune response. (UFC: colony forming units).
- Yoghurts: some are found that contain Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium with a concentration of 107 CFU / ml each. These favor a better use of nutrients and modulate the intestinal flora. Others, for example, contain Bifidobacterium animalis DN 173010 (108 CFU / ml), which contribute to the balance of the intestinal flora by regulating intestinal transit.
How do probiotics work?
Each individual harbors 100,000 million microorganisms of 400 species, mostly bacterial. More than 95% live in the digestive tract, especially in the colon. It is the so-called intestinal flora . In the maternal womb, the fetus lives in a sterile environment, without germs and in its intestine there is a total absence of bacterial agents. The concentration of bacteria in the intestine increases as the baby grows from the milk to the mixed feed. With growth the bacterial flora stabilizes. Throughout our lives, depending on the type of food we adopt and various intestinal conditions, the bacterial population will undergo changes in both quantity and quality. These bacteria that form the intestinal microbiota, proliferate inside the large intestine and ferment different elements producing beneficial substances for health, intervene in the normal development of the immune system and in the regulation of the body's response to pathogens. The function of the intestinal microbiota is to achieve good digestion, break down food and strengthen the immune system. Many times this function of the microbiota can be altered by various modifications, this is where the "probiotics" play a very important role acting at the level of the digestive tube stabilizing the composition of the bacterial flora and increasing the resistance of the organism against pathogens, improving and activating the defenses producing vitamins and digestive enzymes.
Dosage
The necessary dose of probiotics varies a lot depending on the strain and the product. While many over-the-counter products manage a range of 1-10 billion CFU per dose, some products have been shown to be effective at lower levels, while others require many more. It is not possible to establish a general dose necessary for probiotics; the dosage should be based on human studies that show a health benefit.
Probiotics and Health
The intention of using probiotics is to help the intestinal flora that appears naturally in the human body. Some probiotic preparations have been used to prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics or as part of the treatment of dysbiosis linked to antibiotics. There are studies that have documented the effects of probiotics in a series of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), vaginal infections, and as an immune booster. Some probiotics have been shown to increase the survival of preterm infants. Probiotics have also been investigated in relation to atopic eczema and the complications of liver cirrhosis.
In general, the greatest clinical evidence for probiotics is linked to its use in the improvement of intestinal health and the stimulation of immune function. The testing or use of probiotics in other pathological indications is only acceptable after the approval of an independent ethics committee.
What are Prebiotics?
Another alternative aimed at the functional improvement of foods through the modulation of the intestinal flora are the "prebiotics" . They are food substances, not digestible, that selectively nourish a group of microorganisms already existing in the intestine of the individual. They favor the multiplication of beneficial bacteria rather than harmful ones. That is, they are the fundamental substrate (the "food") of the probiotic bacteria.
Most prebiotics are used as ingredients in foods such as cookies, cereals, chocolates, creams and dairy products. They are characterized by being large molecules that can not be digested by the digestive enzymes of the upper gastrointestinal tract, reaching the large intestine where they are degraded by the bacterial microbiota.
The most known or commonly used are:
- Oligofructose
- Inulin
- Galacto-oligosaccharides
- Lactulose
Lactulose favors the development of lactobacilli, and inulin and galacto and oligofructose favor the development of bifidobacteria.
Some examples:
- Milk powder: some contain 1.8 grams of dietary fiber (oligosaccharide glucose) per serving (1 glass of 200 ml). It helps regularize intestinal function. Others, 2 grams of soluble fiber (inulin, FOS and polydextrose). It helps to improve the composition of the intestinal flora, favors a better absorption of calcium.
- Cereal bar: one example found in the market contains 3.3 grams of dietary fiber and 1.6 grams of polydextrose. It is a source of fiber.
Symbiotic
The combination of prebiotics with probiotics is defined as "symbiotic" . A synergic effect between both has been described, that is, the prebiotics can stimulate the growth of specific strains and therefore contribute to the installation of a specific bacterial microbiota with beneficial effects for health.
Examples of symbiotic that are presented in the market:
- Yogurt: with 108 CFU / ml Bifidobacterium animalis DN 173010 and prebiotic FOS (inulin). It helps the balance of the flora, reducing the time of intestinal transit.
- Fermented milk: with Lactobacillus casei CRL431, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 730 (jonhsonii) and natural Fructans (Inulin-FOS). It decreases the duration of persistent diarrhea, helps to prevent osteosporosis, reduces symptoms of lactose intolerance, stimulates the immune system, among others.
Jarrow Formulas Jarro-Dophilus Eps
Dr Mercola probiotics: 70 billion beneficial bacteria per dose
With Probiotics you will forget about constipation, gas and abdominal swelling
synthetic capsules.
Thanks to probiotics you will also free your body of accumulated toxins and other waste materials that have accumulated as if your intestine were a septic tank. Probiotics will help you maintain ideal weight while providing you with more energy and vitality.
Many nutritional supplements claim to provide great benefits at very low costs. But invariably after a minimum of research you discover synthetic ingredients and low cost.
Foods fermented through history.
Jarrow Formulas Jarro-Dophilus Eps
Since ancient times and in very different cultures, processed foods have been used to promote intestinal health. These are some examples:
lassi
It was in the early 1900s that the Russian researcher Elie Metchnikoff (Nobel Prize 1908) attributed for the first time the excellent health of the Balkan population to the use of large amounts of fermented milk high in beneficial bacteria. Later on the beneficial bacteria were called "probiotics", a word originated from the Greek meaning "pro life", that is, they favor life.
In 1950, the use of probiotic-based supplements was approved. But over time the immense power of the pharmaceutical industry relegated to the background the use of probiotics. However, today interest in natural products is increasing globally and probiotics are again gaining the interest they deserve.
Caesarean section
Why do I need probiotics to be healthy?
Since we are born we are exposed to probiotics. During birth the newborn travels the birth canal and absorbs beneficial bacteria from his mother, which initiates the colonization of the same in the baby's intestinal tract. Recent research shows that many babies born by caesarean section do not enjoy good health. It is possible that the reason is that they have not been exposed during childbirth to the beneficial bacteria of the mother, which would have served to colonize their intestinal tract.
Throughout our lives the beneficial bacteria of the intestine are exposed to numerous threats: chlorinated water , processed food, toxins ...
The beneficial bacteria of the intestinal tract can only provide optimal health if the perfect balance between the different types of bacteria in the intestine is maintained. For this, probiotics are of great help, not only for the intestinal tract but for health in general. Remember that 80% of the immune system resides in the intestine . Probiotics in the market contain different types of bacteria, the most common being Lactobacillus acidophilus. However, not all probiotics that contain them are the same, as explained below.
The benefits of high quality probiotics are the following:
When to take probiotics?
Before breakfast with a glass of water. Wait 10 to 15 minutes before eating because the acid produced by the stomach can damage the beneficial bacteria (5 to 10% could be lost).
Allow to pass at least 3 hours after taking antibiotics.
yogurt
But I already consume yogurt, so I do not need probiotics, right?
Earlier we mentioned that traditionally fermented foods such as yogurt were used to promote digestion. However, the yogurts from before contained high amounts of beneficial bacteria since they were not pasteurized. During pasteurization the milk is subjected to high temperatures that destroy the beneficial bacteria. Given that currently the amount of beneficial bacteria has been drastically reduced, it is crucial to supplement with probiotics of proven quality.
Characteristics of a quality probiotic:
One of the absolutely essential strains that can not be missing from your probiotic is Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1. If your probiotic brand does not contain it, it can be a waste of money. The acronym DDS-1 is important. There are many strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus included in many probiotics, but if they are not DDS-1 the beneficial effects decrease markedly . This strain has vital properties for the health of humans. Research conducted at an American university found that the effectiveness of DDS-1 is due to the fact that it colonizes very well in the intestine. Further ...
* It is resistant to acid and bile and survives in the intestine.
These are some of the research conducted on the DDS-1:
Many manufacturers of probiotics make us believe that a type of coating called enteric is necessary for beneficial bacteria to survive. Basically, the enteric coating is a layer around the capsule that protects it from stomach acids. These are several of the problems of this process:
It is therefore advisable to add prebiotics to a quality formula of probiotics. The problem is that it is a complex and high cost process.
Finally this is the list of all the requirements of a quality probiotic:
Dr. Mercola's Complete Probiotics comply with the rigorous criteria above, which undoubtedly positions them as the best in the market. And at an unbeatable price-performance ratio.
To stay healthy is essential to supplement daily with probiotics. Probiotics are much more important than a multivitamin.
Complete Probiotics by Dr. Mercola contains the following 10 strains of beneficial bacteria:
Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 , the most important strain
Lactobacillus casei - works together with other organisms helping the growth of other beneficial bacteria
Lactobacillus plantarum - resists low pH levels and is able to survive bile concentrations of the intestine
Lactobacillus salivarius - promotes intestinal health and also helps maintain oral health
Lactobacillus rhamnosus - helps eliminate occasional intestinal discomfort by working to maintain a healthy microflora
Lactobacillus brevis - lactic acid producing bacteria that help keep the intestinal tract healthy
Bifidobacterium lactis - beneficial bacteria found in raw milk yogurt that helps maintain the immune response
Bifidobacterium longum - helps keep the digestive system in perfect condition while stimulating the immune system
Bifidobacterium bifidum - helps maintain a healthy flora in the intestine. This organism provides an excellent support to maintain a balanced microflora.
Streptococcus thermophilus - high potency strain that helps maintain intestinal flora
As important as the strains that are included in Complete Probiotics are the CEPAS THAT ARE NOT INCLUDED . Lactobacillus bulgaricus has not been included due to the possible antagonistic effect with Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1. Also the strain of Lactospore has been ruled out having other more beneficial strains. The formula Complete Probiotics contains beneficial probiotics in the form of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Probiotics resistant to stomach acid
Another area in which the supplement Complete Probiotics of Dr Mercola stands out is tolerance to acid and bile with more than 90% tolerance.
Very few manufacturers test the survival of the different strains in their formulas. And if the strains do not resist stomach acids and bile from the intestine the benefits of probiotics are severely reduced.
These are the results of the tests carried out with the strains contained in Complete Probiotics:
Never take a trip without your Probiotics
Especially on trips abroad because when visiting other countries there is always an opportunity that your digestive system may be sensitive to different foods (such as spices) that you are not used to. What not only can cause digestive discomfort but also stress, just what you want to avoid during vacations or business trips. If you start noticing discomfort you can increase the dose to 4-6 capsules to help the digestive system recover.
Complete Probiotics are ideal for traveling because, unlike other brands of probiotics, they do not need refrigeration and they are stored at room temperature for two years.
Why the importance of a quality manufacturer
The manufacturer of Complete Probiotics has a high reputation since becoming a pioneer in the development of probiotics in 1979 for the high quality of its standard practices:
In addition, he was awarded numerous prizes, including one of the most prestigious:
• 2010 Frost & Sullivan Awar for "added value" of the year in the North American Probiotic Market
Frost & Sullivan is known worldwide for its innovative research, market analysis and professionalism. Based on a recent analysis of the probiotic market, Frost & Sullivan recognized the manufacturer of Complete Probiotics for its innovations in quality control and products to improve specific areas of health.
The manufacturer owns a patent and a registered trademark of the strain DDS-1 of Lactobacillus acidophilus since 1979, which has served to grow and to continue innovating.
Dr Mercola probiotics 'Complete Probiotics' by Dr Mercola:
Glass bottle of 90 capsules. 3 months. It does NOT need refrigeration.
Each capsule contains 70 billion CFU (living organism capable of forming colonies) of different strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus, as well as 50 mg of Fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics that serve as food for probiotics). Resistant to stomach acid and bile.
Suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
Free of dairy products, lactose, wheat, gluten, soy, corn, eggs, yeast, sugar, preservatives or artificial flavors and genetically modified ingredients.
With Probiotics you will forget about constipation, gas and abdominal swelling
synthetic capsules.
Thanks to probiotics you will also free your body of accumulated toxins and other waste materials that have accumulated as if your intestine were a septic tank. Probiotics will help you maintain ideal weight while providing you with more energy and vitality.
Many nutritional supplements claim to provide great benefits at very low costs. But invariably after a minimum of research you discover synthetic ingredients and low cost.
Foods fermented through history.
Jarrow Formulas Jarro-Dophilus Eps
Since ancient times and in very different cultures, processed foods have been used to promote intestinal health. These are some examples:
- - In the Roman Empire sauerkraut was used for its flavor and to promote health in general.
- - Bulgarians, known for their high consumption of fermented milk and kefir, enjoy excellent health.
- - In Asian societies, fermented products such as cabbage, turnips, eggplant, cucumbers, onions or carrots are still consumed.
- - The inhabitants of Ukraine consume probiotics from foods such as raw milk yogurt, buttermilk and sauerkraut.
- - In Indian society it used to (and the custom continues today) enjoy before eating a drink called lassi similar to yogurt to facilitate digestion.
lassi
It was in the early 1900s that the Russian researcher Elie Metchnikoff (Nobel Prize 1908) attributed for the first time the excellent health of the Balkan population to the use of large amounts of fermented milk high in beneficial bacteria. Later on the beneficial bacteria were called "probiotics", a word originated from the Greek meaning "pro life", that is, they favor life.
In 1950, the use of probiotic-based supplements was approved. But over time the immense power of the pharmaceutical industry relegated to the background the use of probiotics. However, today interest in natural products is increasing globally and probiotics are again gaining the interest they deserve.
Caesarean section
Why do I need probiotics to be healthy?
Since we are born we are exposed to probiotics. During birth the newborn travels the birth canal and absorbs beneficial bacteria from his mother, which initiates the colonization of the same in the baby's intestinal tract. Recent research shows that many babies born by caesarean section do not enjoy good health. It is possible that the reason is that they have not been exposed during childbirth to the beneficial bacteria of the mother, which would have served to colonize their intestinal tract.
Throughout our lives the beneficial bacteria of the intestine are exposed to numerous threats: chlorinated water , processed food, toxins ...
The beneficial bacteria of the intestinal tract can only provide optimal health if the perfect balance between the different types of bacteria in the intestine is maintained. For this, probiotics are of great help, not only for the intestinal tract but for health in general. Remember that 80% of the immune system resides in the intestine . Probiotics in the market contain different types of bacteria, the most common being Lactobacillus acidophilus. However, not all probiotics that contain them are the same, as explained below.
The benefits of high quality probiotics are the following:
- - Help in the digestion of food, especially difficult to digest foods
- - Intervene in the synthesis of Group B Vitamins and improve the absorption of calcium
- - Maintain a healthy balance in the intestinal flora
- - Keep the vaginal flora of women in perfect condition
- - In general strengthen the immune system
When to take probiotics?
Before breakfast with a glass of water. Wait 10 to 15 minutes before eating because the acid produced by the stomach can damage the beneficial bacteria (5 to 10% could be lost).
Allow to pass at least 3 hours after taking antibiotics.
yogurt
But I already consume yogurt, so I do not need probiotics, right?
Earlier we mentioned that traditionally fermented foods such as yogurt were used to promote digestion. However, the yogurts from before contained high amounts of beneficial bacteria since they were not pasteurized. During pasteurization the milk is subjected to high temperatures that destroy the beneficial bacteria. Given that currently the amount of beneficial bacteria has been drastically reduced, it is crucial to supplement with probiotics of proven quality.
Characteristics of a quality probiotic:
- - Contains effective strains of bacteria
- - Stays stable for a long period of time
- - Has the ability to survive stomach acid
- - Survive in the intestine where it exerts a beneficial effect
One of the absolutely essential strains that can not be missing from your probiotic is Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1. If your probiotic brand does not contain it, it can be a waste of money. The acronym DDS-1 is important. There are many strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus included in many probiotics, but if they are not DDS-1 the beneficial effects decrease markedly . This strain has vital properties for the health of humans. Research conducted at an American university found that the effectiveness of DDS-1 is due to the fact that it colonizes very well in the intestine. Further ...
* It is resistant to acid and bile and survives in the intestine.
- * Stimulates the immune system
- * Balances intestinal flora
- * Contributes to a healthy digestion
- * Produces high amounts of lactase that help people with milk intolerance
These are some of the research conducted on the DDS-1:
- - In 2010, an American university and prestigious health center conducted a study to determine if the use of probiotics with multispecies of DDS-1 improved intestinal health. After 60 days of treatment, most showed significant improvements in bowel health, reduced swelling and occasional constipation.
- - In another study conducted in 2003 the Lactobacillus acidophilus strain DDS-1 benefited the health of the epithelial cells.
- - In 1997 in animal studies the DDS-1 was evaluated. Better results were obtained with this strain than with other strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus or of Bfidobacterium bifidum.
- It is essential that Probiotics survive their passage through the stomach
- The survival of probiotics is a controversial issue. By survival we understand the ability of the beneficial bacteria contained in the capsules to survive and reproduce in the intestinal tract. Obviously if stomach acid or bile destroys the beneficial bacteria, the intestine will not be able to take advantage of its beneficial effects.
Many manufacturers of probiotics make us believe that a type of coating called enteric is necessary for beneficial bacteria to survive. Basically, the enteric coating is a layer around the capsule that protects it from stomach acids. These are several of the problems of this process:
- -The cost is high
- - It is not necessary, since in the opinion of experts in probiotics, enteric coating can be avoided by choosing strains resistant to acids and processing them with high quality procedures.
- - Many enteric coatings use synthetic ingredients (acrylic acid polymers or a chemical spray around the capsule)
- Prebiotics, the ideal companion of Probiotics
- Prebiotics also play an important role in digestion. They are foods that are not digested and that help the growth and proliferation of beneficial bacteria (probiotics). They come from carbohydrate fibers called olisaccharides. By not digesting, they remain in the digestive system to stimulate the growth of intestinal bacteria. Some natural sources of probiotics include fruits, raw honey or legumes.
It is therefore advisable to add prebiotics to a quality formula of probiotics. The problem is that it is a complex and high cost process.
Finally this is the list of all the requirements of a quality probiotic:
- * Contains the super strain Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1
- * High power demonstrated by independent laboratory tests
- * Includes prebiotics to increase the beneficial effects of probiotics
- * Stable at room temperature for at least 2 years (no cooling required)
- * Does not contain dairy, free of soy , corn, wheat or gluten. Does not contain genetically modified ingredients
- * It favors a healthy intestinal flora, promotes digestion and supports the immune system
- * It is resistant to acid and biotic, resisting in the acid medium of the stomach and in the intestine
- * Contains natural enzymes , vitamins, lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide * Nitrogen is used in packaging and lyophilization in the manufacturing process
- * Available in capsules of plant origin
- * Possess patents resulting from scientific research, registered trademarks, as well as awards and recognitions
Dr. Mercola's Complete Probiotics comply with the rigorous criteria above, which undoubtedly positions them as the best in the market. And at an unbeatable price-performance ratio.
To stay healthy is essential to supplement daily with probiotics. Probiotics are much more important than a multivitamin.
Complete Probiotics by Dr. Mercola contains the following 10 strains of beneficial bacteria:
Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 , the most important strain
Lactobacillus casei - works together with other organisms helping the growth of other beneficial bacteria
Lactobacillus plantarum - resists low pH levels and is able to survive bile concentrations of the intestine
Lactobacillus salivarius - promotes intestinal health and also helps maintain oral health
Lactobacillus rhamnosus - helps eliminate occasional intestinal discomfort by working to maintain a healthy microflora
Lactobacillus brevis - lactic acid producing bacteria that help keep the intestinal tract healthy
Bifidobacterium lactis - beneficial bacteria found in raw milk yogurt that helps maintain the immune response
Bifidobacterium longum - helps keep the digestive system in perfect condition while stimulating the immune system
Bifidobacterium bifidum - helps maintain a healthy flora in the intestine. This organism provides an excellent support to maintain a balanced microflora.
Streptococcus thermophilus - high potency strain that helps maintain intestinal flora
As important as the strains that are included in Complete Probiotics are the CEPAS THAT ARE NOT INCLUDED . Lactobacillus bulgaricus has not been included due to the possible antagonistic effect with Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1. Also the strain of Lactospore has been ruled out having other more beneficial strains. The formula Complete Probiotics contains beneficial probiotics in the form of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Probiotics resistant to stomach acid
Another area in which the supplement Complete Probiotics of Dr Mercola stands out is tolerance to acid and bile with more than 90% tolerance.
Very few manufacturers test the survival of the different strains in their formulas. And if the strains do not resist stomach acids and bile from the intestine the benefits of probiotics are severely reduced.
These are the results of the tests carried out with the strains contained in Complete Probiotics:
Never take a trip without your Probiotics
Especially on trips abroad because when visiting other countries there is always an opportunity that your digestive system may be sensitive to different foods (such as spices) that you are not used to. What not only can cause digestive discomfort but also stress, just what you want to avoid during vacations or business trips. If you start noticing discomfort you can increase the dose to 4-6 capsules to help the digestive system recover.
Complete Probiotics are ideal for traveling because, unlike other brands of probiotics, they do not need refrigeration and they are stored at room temperature for two years.
Why the importance of a quality manufacturer
The manufacturer of Complete Probiotics has a high reputation since becoming a pioneer in the development of probiotics in 1979 for the high quality of its standard practices:
- - Was the first to introduce Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 commercially
- - He was the first to introduce the standard quality control CFU / gm, which is now used worldwide
- - He was the first to introduce probiotics that do not contain dairy or gluten or genetically modified ingredients
- - It was the first to introduce nitrogen packaging to improve stability
- - He was the first to introduce probiotics resistant to bile and acid
- - He was the first to introduce a combination of probiotics with prebiotics
In addition, he was awarded numerous prizes, including one of the most prestigious:
• 2010 Frost & Sullivan Awar for "added value" of the year in the North American Probiotic Market
Frost & Sullivan is known worldwide for its innovative research, market analysis and professionalism. Based on a recent analysis of the probiotic market, Frost & Sullivan recognized the manufacturer of Complete Probiotics for its innovations in quality control and products to improve specific areas of health.
The manufacturer owns a patent and a registered trademark of the strain DDS-1 of Lactobacillus acidophilus since 1979, which has served to grow and to continue innovating.
Dr Mercola probiotics 'Complete Probiotics' by Dr Mercola:
Glass bottle of 90 capsules. 3 months. It does NOT need refrigeration.
Each capsule contains 70 billion CFU (living organism capable of forming colonies) of different strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus, as well as 50 mg of Fructooligosaccharides (prebiotics that serve as food for probiotics). Resistant to stomach acid and bile.
Suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
Free of dairy products, lactose, wheat, gluten, soy, corn, eggs, yeast, sugar, preservatives or artificial flavors and genetically modified ingredients.
Probiotic Acidophilus Dietary for Digestive Health with Friendly Bacteria, 3 Bottles (200 Count)
Modulation of gastrointestinal physiology by probiotic strains of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum
SUMMARY
In the context of nutrition and health promotion, there are products called functional foods that have various beneficial effects in the body, in addition to those that are merely nutritional. Within these functional foods, among others, we can distinguish between probiotic and prebiotic compounds. The microorganisms most commonly used in probiotic foods belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium .
In the present work we have studied the effect of diets supplemented with Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium bifidum in animal development and especially on intestinal function, centered on its immunitary, digestive and absorptive activity of growing animals.
The bacterial strains used modify the activity of the small intestine of healthy mice, significantly affecting their enzymatic activity (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase) and nutrient uptake (galactose and glycic sarcosine), as well as intestinal immune activity (greater number of Peyer's plates). However, these effects do not seem to disturb the development of the growing animals since there are no significant differences in their body weight or blood parameters.
Probiotic Acidophilus Dietary for Digestive Health with Friendly Bacteria, 3 Bottles (200 Count)
These results show the possible beneficial effects in intestinal physiology and contribute to the knowledge of the possible mechanisms of action of probiotics, which could be used in the preventive treatment of different pathologies related to the digestive system.
ABSTRACT
The products called functional foods, which are taken in the nutritional value of the organism, are situated in the context of diet and health promotion. Amongst these functional foods we can distinguish, among others, between probiotic and prebiotic compounds. The micro-organisms most widely used in probiotic foods belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium types .
In this article we have studied the effect of diets supplemented with Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium bifidum on animal development and especially on the intestinal function, based on their immune, digestive and absorptive activity in growing animals.
The bacterium strains used modify the activity of the small intestine of healthy mice, significantly affecting their enzymatic activity (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase) and the collection of nutrients (galactose and glycilsarcosine), as well as the intestinal immune activity (higher number of Peyer's patches). However, these effects do not appear to disturb the development of the growing animals since no significant differences are appreciated in their body weight in their blood parameters.
These results make clear the possible beneficial effects on intestinal physiology and contribute to the understanding of the possible mechanisms of action of the probiotics, which could be used in the preventive treatment of different pathologies related to the digestive apparatus.
Introduction
In today's western society, due to the higher life expectancy, there is a growing interest in health and in all those factors that may affect it. One of the issues of greatest concern is that of food and its impact on health 1,2 . This has generated the new concept of "functional food" defined as "that which contains certain components, which has beneficial effects on one or more functions of the organism, helping to improve the welfare state and contributing to the reduction of the risk of diseases, in addition to its own nutritional effects. "
The current consumer prototype does not renounce food with easy and comfortable access, but also demands a series of qualities associated with fresh and natural products, without transformation or little modified industrially. This requires hygienic requirements (safety and innocuousness), nutritional requirements (reduced energy content and adequate supply of nutrients), organoleptic properties (appearance, texture, taste and rewarding odor) and a healthy or beneficial effect ( International Food Information Council Foundation ). In addition, the consumption of the so-called "Mediterranean diet", whose main components are legumes, vegetables, fruits and fermented dairy products, without forgetting others such as olive oil, red wine and fish, based on food and lifestyle Healthy, has shown its benefits on chronic diseases in the Western world, especially on certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases 3 . Thus, the scientific community generally believes that the benefits and benefits of the Mediterranean diet lie in its nutritional content, in particular the presence of prebiotic and / or probiotic components.
Currently, the intestinal microbiota is being reconsidered as an active factor in human health and disease, as is concluded in recent literature reviews on various physiological and pathological situations 4-7 . On the other hand, new paradigms are being proposed by the scientific community that allow relating nutrients, the immune system and cancer 8,9 or diet and antimutagen 10 . Undoubtedly, from the epidemiological point of view, cancer of the digestive system has a special incidence in Western society due to its progressive increase in recent decades. As a reference, the average European rate for colon and rectal cancer in 1998 was 32.7-53.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively 11 , with a survival rate of less than 50% at 5 years (EUROCARE-3 study). In the particular case of Spain, in the year 2000, colon cancer accounted for almost 3% of all mortality in both sexes.
Products called functional foods are an important part in the context of nutrition and health promotion 12 . These are not only considered of interest to maintain health, but also to prevent and alleviate certain diseases 13-17 . However, the use of some probiotic microorganisms, recognized as safe, can have negative effects in immunosuppressed subjects 18 . The microorganisms most commonly used as probiotics belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium 19 , known as lactic acid bacteria. The Lactobacillus group consists of three groups 20 : L. casei (L. casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus and L. zeae), L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. johnsonii, and L. gasseri) and L. fermentum (L. fermentum and L. reuteri ).
The use of probiotics has been established and accepted to alleviate some of the aforementioned intestinal diseases 21,22 . Thus, L. gasseri and L. casei possess some immunoregulatory capacity, due to their action on B lymphocytes 23-25 and macrophages 26 . It has been demonstrated that the commensal flora of the intestine affects the expression of PPARg and that it is modified in patients with ulcerative colitis 27 . On the other hand, the use of Bifidobacterium bifidum has been shown to inhibit the growth of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells in vitro.
Scientific studies show that it is necessary to know the behavior and possible mechanisms of action of probiotics in healthy subjects. It is therefore of great interest to investigate the possible beneficial and / or harmful effects that these microorganisms may have on the organism before recommending its use as a therapeutic and / or preventive treatment in different pathological conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract.
Therefore, the objective of this work is to study whether the intake of diets supplemented with each of these probiotics ( L. casei or B. bifidum ) affects animal development and especially intestinal function, specifically immune, digestive and absorptive. These results will be decisive to be able to subsequently use these microorganisms as therapy in various pathological situations.
Material and methods
Obtaining and growing bacterial strains
The strains of Lactobacillus casei used in the present work have been isolated from kefir in the lactology laboratory of the Public University of Navarra 29 . On the other hand, strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum have been obtained from the Spanish Collection of Cultures Type CECT-870. Both strains have been grown in previously autoclaved milk (Skim milk, DIFCO) and have been cultured for 24 hours under aerobic conditions and 37ºC for Lactobacillus and for 72 hours, under anaerobic conditions (5% C02) and 39ºC for Bifidobacterium , until reaching both two a concentration of 10 8 cfu / ml.
Animals and diets
Swiss mice (Charles River Laboratory Animals, Barcelona) of 28 days and 20 g of initial body weight were randomly distributed in each of the three experimental groups (n = 30-20): control (C), Bifidobacterium bifidum (B) and Lactobacillus casei (L). They were placed in cages (n = 5) in a room at constant temperature (22 ± 2ÞC) and humidity and controlled photoperiod of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness.
The three experimental groups were fed during four weeks with a commercial diet that covers the minimum nutritional requirements for the correct development of the growing animals (AIN-93). The probiotic factors under study ( Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum ) were administered to the groups corresponding to a concentration of 108 cfu / ml dissolved in milk, so that the control group was also given the same amount of milk but without bacteria.
The body weight of the animals was recorded weekly. At the end of the experimental period the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed by decapitation. Blood was collected for subsequent serum determinations and different organs were extracted and weighed. The small intestine was collected, cleaned with cold saline and after counting in each of the fragments the number of Peyer's plates present, it was frozen at -80 C for the subsequent isolation of the brush border membrane vesicles (VMBC ), in which the determinations of the intestinal enzymatic activity were carried out, as well as the assays of uptake of D-galactose and glycic sarcosine. A small portion of colon (1 cm) was collected to be fixed and processed for histological analysis.
The committee of "Animal Ethics and Experimentation" of the Public University of Navarra reviewed and approved this protocol and the method of animal sacrifice according to the Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993).
Histological analysis
The colon samples collected for the histological study were immediately fixed in 4% formalin for 24 h. They were then dehydrated and after inclusion in paraffin, they were cut into 5 mm pieces and stained in hematoxylin-eosin for later microscopic analysis.
Obtaining VMBC from mouse intestine
The VMBCs were obtained from a jejunum fragment of each of the mice of the different experimental groups, following the method described by Shirazi-Beechey 30 .
The mucosa was resuspended in a medium containing 100 mM mannitol and 2 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at pH 7.1 with Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane. The suspension was homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer (Braun, Melsungen, Germany) at 3,000 rpm at 4 ° C for 1 min. Next, MgCl 2 was added to a final concentration of 10 mM, and the mixture was incubated for 20 min in cold and continuous agitation. Subsequently, it was centrifuged at 2,000 xg for 15 min, and the supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 27,000 xg for 30 min. The pellet thus obtained was resuspended in a medium consisting of 100 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate, and 2 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 with Tris.
Finally, the mixture was centrifuged at 27,000 xg for 30 min and the pellet was resuspended in a medium containing 300 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate, and 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 with Tris.
A sample of the suspension thus obtained was used for the determination by Bradford of the amount of protein present and the measurement of the sucrase activity (EC3.2.1.48), in order to check its enrichment in the apical membrane which was found to be 5%. times compared to the initial homogenate.
Enzymatic activity
For each of the experimental groups, several aliquots of VMBC were thawed and unified and each of the enzymatic assays was carried out in triplicate. The activities of sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) were determined according to the method described by Dahlqvist 31 . After incubation with the corresponding substrate for 30 min, the glucose released in each case was determined with the help of Kit A-510 from Sigma.
N-aminopeptidase activity (EC 3.4.11.2) was also determined using L-Gly-Pro-b-naphthylamide as substrate 32 .
Substrate capture studies
Uptake of sugar (D-galactose) and of a dipeptide (glycilsarcosine) in VMBC was measured by a slightly modified version of rapid filtration technique developed by Hopfer 33 . Each of the trials for each experimental group was performed in triplicate.
The uptake of D-galactose was determined at 37 ° C in the presence of a sodium gradient. The incubation medium used at pH 7.4 was composed of 0.1 mM D-galactose, 100 mM NaSCN, 100 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 10 mM HEPES, and the radioactive substrate used as a tracer (1mCi / mL of D- [1- 14 C] galactose; Amersham Radiochemical Center, UK).
Glycilsarcosine uptake was determined at 27 ° C in a medium at pH 5.5 composed of 1 mM glycic sarcosine, 280 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 1 mM MES, and the radioactive substrate used as a tracer (10 mCi / mL of [1- 3 H] glycic sarcosine, Moravek Biochemicals, Inc., Brea, CA, USA). At set times, the incubation was stopped by adding cold stop solution (150 mM KSCN, 0.25 mM floricrin, and 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 for the uptake assays of D-galactose and 210 mM KCl and 2 mM HEPES at pH 7.5 for the dipeptide uptake assays). The suspension is then passed through a cellulose nitrate filter (0.45 mm, 25-mm diameter, Sartorius, Edgewood, NY, USA) which is washed twice in cold solution and dissolved in scintillation liquid (HiSafe 3) to subsequently measure its radioactivity in a ß counter.
Analysis of protein expression by Western blot
The expression of the PEPT1 and SGLT1 transporters in the VMBC of the different experimental groups was measured by Western blot. The samples were diluted in a medium composed of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 5% 2-mercaptoethanol, and 0.05% bromophenol blue. After boiling for three minutes, they were loaded (50 μg) on a 12% polyacrylamide gel and separated by electrophoresis for 60 min. The proteins thus separated were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Hybond P., Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Barcelona) by electrophoresis at 250 mA / 100 V and 4 ° C for 2 h.
The membranes were blocked at room temperature for 90 min in Tris saline medium (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.9% NaCl) containing 6% skimmed milk powder. Both transporters were detected by incubating the membranes overnight at 4 ° C with the anti-rat PEPT1 antibodies donated by Dr. Smith (University of Michigan, MI, USA), and rabbit anti-SGLT1 (Chemicon) at a dilution of 1: 500. After successive washes in Saline Tris medium containing 0.1% Tween, the membranes were incubated with the secondary antibody (P0488, Dako Diagnostics, Barcelona) at a dilution of 1: 35,000 for one hour at room temperature. Finally, the immunoreactive proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence (Pierce Super Signal West Dura, Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) and the bands were quantified by densitometry through the "Quantity One" program, version 4.5 (Bio-Rad).
Statistic analysis
The results are expressed as the value of the mean ± ESM. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS program (version 12.0) was used and the Kruskal Wallis test was applied with the corresponding a posteriori comparisons. The differences between the groups were considered statistically significant when p <0.05.
Results
Development of animals
The inclusion of both probiotic strains in the usual diet of the animals does not alter the body weight of the animals, indicating that they do not exert any harmful effect on the development of these animals. In addition, no differences were observed in the blood parameters measured or in the weight of the different extracted organs (jejunum, liver, spleen, pancreas and colon).
Therefore, we can deduce that the intake of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum does not modify the normal growth and development of these animals nor their metabolic state.
Intestinal morphology
Differences were observed regarding the morphology of the colon between the different experimental groups. Groups B and L, visually appear to have a greater number of lymphocytic infiltrates ( Fig. 1 ). On the other hand, in the jejunum, there is also a greater presence of Peyer's patches ( Fig. 2 ), being significantly higher (p <0.01) in the group fed with Lactobacillus and still higher in the group fed with Bifidobacterium ( p <0.001) than in the control group.
Nutrient uptake and enzymatic activity in VMBC
The effect of supplemented diets on the intestinal physiology of these animals was analyzed. As shown in Figure 3 in all assays of enzymatic activity performed (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase N) these activities appear increased. In the case of maltase and aminopeptidase N activities, this increase is clearer in the group fed with Bifidobacterium than in that fed with Lactobacillus .
On the other hand, the substrate uptake graphs show that the presence of bacteria in the diet of these animals decreases the uptake of D-galactose while increasing that of glycic sarcosine ( Fig. 4 ). This effect is appreciable only when the absorption of the nutrient is mediated by the corresponding transporter located in the apical membrane of the enterocyte, ie at short times and in the presence of a gradient of Na + or H + in each case. In longer periods of incubation (10 min and 60 min, respectively), both the sugar and the dipeptide cross the apical membrane through a diffusion process that is not altered by the presence of any of the bacterial strains in the diet.
Analysis of the expression of SGLT1 and PEPT1 by Western blot
In order to verify if these effects observed in the uptake of nutrients were related to changes in the expression of the transporters involved in it, the expression of the sodium-dependent sugar transporter SGLT1 as well as the dipeptide transporter PEPT1 was analyzed in the apical membrane of enterocytes by Western blot.
Figure 5 shows a clear increase in the expression of the PEPT1 transporter in groups B and L compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems that the increase in uptake of glycic sarcosine observed could be due to an increase in the expression of the transporter responsible for said uptake.
The expression of SGLT1 in both groups supplemented with the bacteria also appears increased with respect to the control. In this case, this increase in expression is accompanied by a decrease in the galactose uptake previously mentioned. This could be explained by a loss of affinity of the transporter for its substrate due to the presence of bacterial strains in the intestinal epithelium.
Discussion
In recent years, numerous investigations have analyzed the role of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria and yeast) in the development of different chronic diseases (cancer, allergies ...), proving that they have a beneficial effect in preventing them 34,35 .
However, little is known about the effects that these types of organisms play in healthy individuals and their possible use as preventive and / or therapeutic agents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze its effects in healthy individuals, and thus be able to recommend them with scientific basis as preventive therapy, knowing exactly the most effective doses and the possible side effects that they may have.
In the present work we have analyzed the effect of two probiotic strains (lactic acid bacteria) commonly used in the food industry ( Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum ) in the development and intestinal physiology of healthy animals. The intestinal barrier is responsible for regulating the entry of nutrients and various substances to the body that will affect the nutritional status of the individual, whose correct maintenance is of vital importance when it comes to preventing the development of various diseases.
The choice of bacteria concentration used in this study as well as the duration of the experimental period has been based on previous scientific studies 36,37 .
The normal development of the animals and their metabolic status do not seem to be affected by the inclusion in the diet of both bacterial strains, suggesting that they could be used at the doses analyzed as a dietary supplement 38 .
However, both the intestinal morphology and the activity of the small intestine (enzymatic activity and absorption of nutrients), is affected by the consumption of both strains. Apparently these could activate the intestinal immune system, given that a greater number of Peyer's plaques are seen in the jejunum of these animals and a greater presence of lymphocytic infiltrates in their colon. This fact coincides with the possible immunomodulatory effect of probiotic microorganisms described in the literature 39,40 .
In terms of intestinal physiology, an enzymatic activity increased by the intake of both bacteria, both enzymes involved in the digestion of sugars (sucrase and maltase) and peptides (aminopeptidase N). However, while the absorption of the dipeptide glycosarcosine is increased in groups B and L with respect to its control, the absorption of D-galactose is diminished. These differences observed in nutrient uptake studies could be due to an effect of both strains on the expression levels of the respective transporters involved in each of the absorptive processes. To test this hypothesis, the expression of the Na + -dependent sugar transporter, SGLT1 as well as the Na + / H + -dependent dipeptide transporter PEPT1 was measured by Western blot. In these analyzes, changes in the expression levels of both proteins have been observed due to the ingestion of the bacterial strains, with a clear increase in the presence of both transporters in the apical membrane of the enterocytes.
The expression of both transporters is sensitive to diet 41-43 , thus a greater expression of them could be due to a greater presence of their respective substrates in the intestinal lumen. This fact could be due, in turn, to a greater digestive capacity of the intestine by an increase in its enzymatic activity, as described above.
These results coincide with the work of other authors who have also observed a greater enzymatic activity in the jejunum of rats fed a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics 44 . On the other hand, other authors, in in vitro studies performed on Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, observed an activating effect of glycic sarcosine uptake after incubation with Lactobacillus casei 36 .
However, the increased expression of SGLT1 coincides with a lower uptake of D-galactose, suggesting that the transporter could see its affinity for the substrate altered and therefore introduce a smaller amount of it into the enterocyte. This loss of affinity could be due to alterations in the process of insertion of the protein in the apical membrane caused by the presence of bacterial strains or some of their metabolites. It is known that the intake of probiotics modifies the intestinal mucosa according to studies carried out in humans 45 and in animals 46,47 . Therefore, this fact could affect the mechanisms of insertion of the different transporters present in it, in turn altering its function 48 .
In conclusion, it seems that both bacterial strains modify the activity of the small intestine in healthy animals, increasing their immune and enzymatic activity, and altering the uptake of nutrients. These facts do not harm the normal development of these animals since no differences are observed neither in the biochemical parameters analyzed nor in their body weight.
In this sense, this study contributes to recommend safely the use of these strains in healthy animals and points to a beneficial role of these in those diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract.
SUMMARY
In the context of nutrition and health promotion, there are products called functional foods that have various beneficial effects in the body, in addition to those that are merely nutritional. Within these functional foods, among others, we can distinguish between probiotic and prebiotic compounds. The microorganisms most commonly used in probiotic foods belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium .
In the present work we have studied the effect of diets supplemented with Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium bifidum in animal development and especially on intestinal function, centered on its immunitary, digestive and absorptive activity of growing animals.
The bacterial strains used modify the activity of the small intestine of healthy mice, significantly affecting their enzymatic activity (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase) and nutrient uptake (galactose and glycic sarcosine), as well as intestinal immune activity (greater number of Peyer's plates). However, these effects do not seem to disturb the development of the growing animals since there are no significant differences in their body weight or blood parameters.
Probiotic Acidophilus Dietary for Digestive Health with Friendly Bacteria, 3 Bottles (200 Count)
These results show the possible beneficial effects in intestinal physiology and contribute to the knowledge of the possible mechanisms of action of probiotics, which could be used in the preventive treatment of different pathologies related to the digestive system.
ABSTRACT
The products called functional foods, which are taken in the nutritional value of the organism, are situated in the context of diet and health promotion. Amongst these functional foods we can distinguish, among others, between probiotic and prebiotic compounds. The micro-organisms most widely used in probiotic foods belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium types .
In this article we have studied the effect of diets supplemented with Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium bifidum on animal development and especially on the intestinal function, based on their immune, digestive and absorptive activity in growing animals.
The bacterium strains used modify the activity of the small intestine of healthy mice, significantly affecting their enzymatic activity (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase) and the collection of nutrients (galactose and glycilsarcosine), as well as the intestinal immune activity (higher number of Peyer's patches). However, these effects do not appear to disturb the development of the growing animals since no significant differences are appreciated in their body weight in their blood parameters.
These results make clear the possible beneficial effects on intestinal physiology and contribute to the understanding of the possible mechanisms of action of the probiotics, which could be used in the preventive treatment of different pathologies related to the digestive apparatus.
Introduction
In today's western society, due to the higher life expectancy, there is a growing interest in health and in all those factors that may affect it. One of the issues of greatest concern is that of food and its impact on health 1,2 . This has generated the new concept of "functional food" defined as "that which contains certain components, which has beneficial effects on one or more functions of the organism, helping to improve the welfare state and contributing to the reduction of the risk of diseases, in addition to its own nutritional effects. "
The current consumer prototype does not renounce food with easy and comfortable access, but also demands a series of qualities associated with fresh and natural products, without transformation or little modified industrially. This requires hygienic requirements (safety and innocuousness), nutritional requirements (reduced energy content and adequate supply of nutrients), organoleptic properties (appearance, texture, taste and rewarding odor) and a healthy or beneficial effect ( International Food Information Council Foundation ). In addition, the consumption of the so-called "Mediterranean diet", whose main components are legumes, vegetables, fruits and fermented dairy products, without forgetting others such as olive oil, red wine and fish, based on food and lifestyle Healthy, has shown its benefits on chronic diseases in the Western world, especially on certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases 3 . Thus, the scientific community generally believes that the benefits and benefits of the Mediterranean diet lie in its nutritional content, in particular the presence of prebiotic and / or probiotic components.
Currently, the intestinal microbiota is being reconsidered as an active factor in human health and disease, as is concluded in recent literature reviews on various physiological and pathological situations 4-7 . On the other hand, new paradigms are being proposed by the scientific community that allow relating nutrients, the immune system and cancer 8,9 or diet and antimutagen 10 . Undoubtedly, from the epidemiological point of view, cancer of the digestive system has a special incidence in Western society due to its progressive increase in recent decades. As a reference, the average European rate for colon and rectal cancer in 1998 was 32.7-53.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively 11 , with a survival rate of less than 50% at 5 years (EUROCARE-3 study). In the particular case of Spain, in the year 2000, colon cancer accounted for almost 3% of all mortality in both sexes.
Products called functional foods are an important part in the context of nutrition and health promotion 12 . These are not only considered of interest to maintain health, but also to prevent and alleviate certain diseases 13-17 . However, the use of some probiotic microorganisms, recognized as safe, can have negative effects in immunosuppressed subjects 18 . The microorganisms most commonly used as probiotics belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium 19 , known as lactic acid bacteria. The Lactobacillus group consists of three groups 20 : L. casei (L. casei, L. paracasei, L. rhamnosus and L. zeae), L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. johnsonii, and L. gasseri) and L. fermentum (L. fermentum and L. reuteri ).
The use of probiotics has been established and accepted to alleviate some of the aforementioned intestinal diseases 21,22 . Thus, L. gasseri and L. casei possess some immunoregulatory capacity, due to their action on B lymphocytes 23-25 and macrophages 26 . It has been demonstrated that the commensal flora of the intestine affects the expression of PPARg and that it is modified in patients with ulcerative colitis 27 . On the other hand, the use of Bifidobacterium bifidum has been shown to inhibit the growth of HT-29 and HCT-116 cells in vitro.
Scientific studies show that it is necessary to know the behavior and possible mechanisms of action of probiotics in healthy subjects. It is therefore of great interest to investigate the possible beneficial and / or harmful effects that these microorganisms may have on the organism before recommending its use as a therapeutic and / or preventive treatment in different pathological conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract.
Therefore, the objective of this work is to study whether the intake of diets supplemented with each of these probiotics ( L. casei or B. bifidum ) affects animal development and especially intestinal function, specifically immune, digestive and absorptive. These results will be decisive to be able to subsequently use these microorganisms as therapy in various pathological situations.
Material and methods
Obtaining and growing bacterial strains
The strains of Lactobacillus casei used in the present work have been isolated from kefir in the lactology laboratory of the Public University of Navarra 29 . On the other hand, strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum have been obtained from the Spanish Collection of Cultures Type CECT-870. Both strains have been grown in previously autoclaved milk (Skim milk, DIFCO) and have been cultured for 24 hours under aerobic conditions and 37ºC for Lactobacillus and for 72 hours, under anaerobic conditions (5% C02) and 39ºC for Bifidobacterium , until reaching both two a concentration of 10 8 cfu / ml.
Animals and diets
Swiss mice (Charles River Laboratory Animals, Barcelona) of 28 days and 20 g of initial body weight were randomly distributed in each of the three experimental groups (n = 30-20): control (C), Bifidobacterium bifidum (B) and Lactobacillus casei (L). They were placed in cages (n = 5) in a room at constant temperature (22 ± 2ÞC) and humidity and controlled photoperiod of 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness.
The three experimental groups were fed during four weeks with a commercial diet that covers the minimum nutritional requirements for the correct development of the growing animals (AIN-93). The probiotic factors under study ( Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum ) were administered to the groups corresponding to a concentration of 108 cfu / ml dissolved in milk, so that the control group was also given the same amount of milk but without bacteria.
The body weight of the animals was recorded weekly. At the end of the experimental period the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed by decapitation. Blood was collected for subsequent serum determinations and different organs were extracted and weighed. The small intestine was collected, cleaned with cold saline and after counting in each of the fragments the number of Peyer's plates present, it was frozen at -80 C for the subsequent isolation of the brush border membrane vesicles (VMBC ), in which the determinations of the intestinal enzymatic activity were carried out, as well as the assays of uptake of D-galactose and glycic sarcosine. A small portion of colon (1 cm) was collected to be fixed and processed for histological analysis.
The committee of "Animal Ethics and Experimentation" of the Public University of Navarra reviewed and approved this protocol and the method of animal sacrifice according to the Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993).
Histological analysis
The colon samples collected for the histological study were immediately fixed in 4% formalin for 24 h. They were then dehydrated and after inclusion in paraffin, they were cut into 5 mm pieces and stained in hematoxylin-eosin for later microscopic analysis.
Obtaining VMBC from mouse intestine
The VMBCs were obtained from a jejunum fragment of each of the mice of the different experimental groups, following the method described by Shirazi-Beechey 30 .
The mucosa was resuspended in a medium containing 100 mM mannitol and 2 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at pH 7.1 with Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane. The suspension was homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer (Braun, Melsungen, Germany) at 3,000 rpm at 4 ° C for 1 min. Next, MgCl 2 was added to a final concentration of 10 mM, and the mixture was incubated for 20 min in cold and continuous agitation. Subsequently, it was centrifuged at 2,000 xg for 15 min, and the supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 27,000 xg for 30 min. The pellet thus obtained was resuspended in a medium consisting of 100 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate, and 2 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 with Tris.
Finally, the mixture was centrifuged at 27,000 xg for 30 min and the pellet was resuspended in a medium containing 300 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate, and 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 with Tris.
A sample of the suspension thus obtained was used for the determination by Bradford of the amount of protein present and the measurement of the sucrase activity (EC3.2.1.48), in order to check its enrichment in the apical membrane which was found to be 5%. times compared to the initial homogenate.
Enzymatic activity
For each of the experimental groups, several aliquots of VMBC were thawed and unified and each of the enzymatic assays was carried out in triplicate. The activities of sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) were determined according to the method described by Dahlqvist 31 . After incubation with the corresponding substrate for 30 min, the glucose released in each case was determined with the help of Kit A-510 from Sigma.
N-aminopeptidase activity (EC 3.4.11.2) was also determined using L-Gly-Pro-b-naphthylamide as substrate 32 .
Substrate capture studies
Uptake of sugar (D-galactose) and of a dipeptide (glycilsarcosine) in VMBC was measured by a slightly modified version of rapid filtration technique developed by Hopfer 33 . Each of the trials for each experimental group was performed in triplicate.
The uptake of D-galactose was determined at 37 ° C in the presence of a sodium gradient. The incubation medium used at pH 7.4 was composed of 0.1 mM D-galactose, 100 mM NaSCN, 100 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 10 mM HEPES, and the radioactive substrate used as a tracer (1mCi / mL of D- [1- 14 C] galactose; Amersham Radiochemical Center, UK).
Glycilsarcosine uptake was determined at 27 ° C in a medium at pH 5.5 composed of 1 mM glycic sarcosine, 280 mM mannitol, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 1 mM MES, and the radioactive substrate used as a tracer (10 mCi / mL of [1- 3 H] glycic sarcosine, Moravek Biochemicals, Inc., Brea, CA, USA). At set times, the incubation was stopped by adding cold stop solution (150 mM KSCN, 0.25 mM floricrin, and 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.4 for the uptake assays of D-galactose and 210 mM KCl and 2 mM HEPES at pH 7.5 for the dipeptide uptake assays). The suspension is then passed through a cellulose nitrate filter (0.45 mm, 25-mm diameter, Sartorius, Edgewood, NY, USA) which is washed twice in cold solution and dissolved in scintillation liquid (HiSafe 3) to subsequently measure its radioactivity in a ß counter.
Analysis of protein expression by Western blot
The expression of the PEPT1 and SGLT1 transporters in the VMBC of the different experimental groups was measured by Western blot. The samples were diluted in a medium composed of 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 10% glycerol, 5% 2-mercaptoethanol, and 0.05% bromophenol blue. After boiling for three minutes, they were loaded (50 μg) on a 12% polyacrylamide gel and separated by electrophoresis for 60 min. The proteins thus separated were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Hybond P., Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, Barcelona) by electrophoresis at 250 mA / 100 V and 4 ° C for 2 h.
The membranes were blocked at room temperature for 90 min in Tris saline medium (100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.9% NaCl) containing 6% skimmed milk powder. Both transporters were detected by incubating the membranes overnight at 4 ° C with the anti-rat PEPT1 antibodies donated by Dr. Smith (University of Michigan, MI, USA), and rabbit anti-SGLT1 (Chemicon) at a dilution of 1: 500. After successive washes in Saline Tris medium containing 0.1% Tween, the membranes were incubated with the secondary antibody (P0488, Dako Diagnostics, Barcelona) at a dilution of 1: 35,000 for one hour at room temperature. Finally, the immunoreactive proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence (Pierce Super Signal West Dura, Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) and the bands were quantified by densitometry through the "Quantity One" program, version 4.5 (Bio-Rad).
Statistic analysis
The results are expressed as the value of the mean ± ESM. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS program (version 12.0) was used and the Kruskal Wallis test was applied with the corresponding a posteriori comparisons. The differences between the groups were considered statistically significant when p <0.05.
Results
Development of animals
The inclusion of both probiotic strains in the usual diet of the animals does not alter the body weight of the animals, indicating that they do not exert any harmful effect on the development of these animals. In addition, no differences were observed in the blood parameters measured or in the weight of the different extracted organs (jejunum, liver, spleen, pancreas and colon).
Therefore, we can deduce that the intake of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum does not modify the normal growth and development of these animals nor their metabolic state.
Intestinal morphology
Differences were observed regarding the morphology of the colon between the different experimental groups. Groups B and L, visually appear to have a greater number of lymphocytic infiltrates ( Fig. 1 ). On the other hand, in the jejunum, there is also a greater presence of Peyer's patches ( Fig. 2 ), being significantly higher (p <0.01) in the group fed with Lactobacillus and still higher in the group fed with Bifidobacterium ( p <0.001) than in the control group.
Nutrient uptake and enzymatic activity in VMBC
The effect of supplemented diets on the intestinal physiology of these animals was analyzed. As shown in Figure 3 in all assays of enzymatic activity performed (sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase N) these activities appear increased. In the case of maltase and aminopeptidase N activities, this increase is clearer in the group fed with Bifidobacterium than in that fed with Lactobacillus .
On the other hand, the substrate uptake graphs show that the presence of bacteria in the diet of these animals decreases the uptake of D-galactose while increasing that of glycic sarcosine ( Fig. 4 ). This effect is appreciable only when the absorption of the nutrient is mediated by the corresponding transporter located in the apical membrane of the enterocyte, ie at short times and in the presence of a gradient of Na + or H + in each case. In longer periods of incubation (10 min and 60 min, respectively), both the sugar and the dipeptide cross the apical membrane through a diffusion process that is not altered by the presence of any of the bacterial strains in the diet.
Analysis of the expression of SGLT1 and PEPT1 by Western blot
In order to verify if these effects observed in the uptake of nutrients were related to changes in the expression of the transporters involved in it, the expression of the sodium-dependent sugar transporter SGLT1 as well as the dipeptide transporter PEPT1 was analyzed in the apical membrane of enterocytes by Western blot.
Figure 5 shows a clear increase in the expression of the PEPT1 transporter in groups B and L compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems that the increase in uptake of glycic sarcosine observed could be due to an increase in the expression of the transporter responsible for said uptake.
The expression of SGLT1 in both groups supplemented with the bacteria also appears increased with respect to the control. In this case, this increase in expression is accompanied by a decrease in the galactose uptake previously mentioned. This could be explained by a loss of affinity of the transporter for its substrate due to the presence of bacterial strains in the intestinal epithelium.
Discussion
In recent years, numerous investigations have analyzed the role of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria and yeast) in the development of different chronic diseases (cancer, allergies ...), proving that they have a beneficial effect in preventing them 34,35 .
However, little is known about the effects that these types of organisms play in healthy individuals and their possible use as preventive and / or therapeutic agents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze its effects in healthy individuals, and thus be able to recommend them with scientific basis as preventive therapy, knowing exactly the most effective doses and the possible side effects that they may have.
In the present work we have analyzed the effect of two probiotic strains (lactic acid bacteria) commonly used in the food industry ( Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum ) in the development and intestinal physiology of healthy animals. The intestinal barrier is responsible for regulating the entry of nutrients and various substances to the body that will affect the nutritional status of the individual, whose correct maintenance is of vital importance when it comes to preventing the development of various diseases.
The choice of bacteria concentration used in this study as well as the duration of the experimental period has been based on previous scientific studies 36,37 .
The normal development of the animals and their metabolic status do not seem to be affected by the inclusion in the diet of both bacterial strains, suggesting that they could be used at the doses analyzed as a dietary supplement 38 .
However, both the intestinal morphology and the activity of the small intestine (enzymatic activity and absorption of nutrients), is affected by the consumption of both strains. Apparently these could activate the intestinal immune system, given that a greater number of Peyer's plaques are seen in the jejunum of these animals and a greater presence of lymphocytic infiltrates in their colon. This fact coincides with the possible immunomodulatory effect of probiotic microorganisms described in the literature 39,40 .
In terms of intestinal physiology, an enzymatic activity increased by the intake of both bacteria, both enzymes involved in the digestion of sugars (sucrase and maltase) and peptides (aminopeptidase N). However, while the absorption of the dipeptide glycosarcosine is increased in groups B and L with respect to its control, the absorption of D-galactose is diminished. These differences observed in nutrient uptake studies could be due to an effect of both strains on the expression levels of the respective transporters involved in each of the absorptive processes. To test this hypothesis, the expression of the Na + -dependent sugar transporter, SGLT1 as well as the Na + / H + -dependent dipeptide transporter PEPT1 was measured by Western blot. In these analyzes, changes in the expression levels of both proteins have been observed due to the ingestion of the bacterial strains, with a clear increase in the presence of both transporters in the apical membrane of the enterocytes.
The expression of both transporters is sensitive to diet 41-43 , thus a greater expression of them could be due to a greater presence of their respective substrates in the intestinal lumen. This fact could be due, in turn, to a greater digestive capacity of the intestine by an increase in its enzymatic activity, as described above.
These results coincide with the work of other authors who have also observed a greater enzymatic activity in the jejunum of rats fed a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics 44 . On the other hand, other authors, in in vitro studies performed on Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, observed an activating effect of glycic sarcosine uptake after incubation with Lactobacillus casei 36 .
However, the increased expression of SGLT1 coincides with a lower uptake of D-galactose, suggesting that the transporter could see its affinity for the substrate altered and therefore introduce a smaller amount of it into the enterocyte. This loss of affinity could be due to alterations in the process of insertion of the protein in the apical membrane caused by the presence of bacterial strains or some of their metabolites. It is known that the intake of probiotics modifies the intestinal mucosa according to studies carried out in humans 45 and in animals 46,47 . Therefore, this fact could affect the mechanisms of insertion of the different transporters present in it, in turn altering its function 48 .
In conclusion, it seems that both bacterial strains modify the activity of the small intestine in healthy animals, increasing their immune and enzymatic activity, and altering the uptake of nutrients. These facts do not harm the normal development of these animals since no differences are observed neither in the biochemical parameters analyzed nor in their body weight.
In this sense, this study contributes to recommend safely the use of these strains in healthy animals and points to a beneficial role of these in those diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract.
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