What is Insulin Resistance?

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin is a hormone that causes the body to control blood sugar levels with insulin is created in the pancreas.

Insulin resistance. A condition in which the body's cells can not use insulin to be effective. Result in the need to use insulin than usual transport glucose (the sugar types found in the blood stream). Into the cells to use for energy or stored for later use.

Insulin resistance develops over time, the body is resistant to insulin, increasing the pancreas reacts by releasing more insulin. Condition in which the levels of insulin in the blood is higher than normal currents, called hyperinsulinemia.

The pancreas may be able to adjust the level of the requirement that the body needs more doses of insulin in the blood sugar level for a while, and might be in the normal level of approximately 70-100 mg/dl before eating and 140 mg/dl lower after eating. However, the pancreas is unable to maintain the level of insulin causes blood sugar levels start to rise in the end.

Type 2 diabetes, patient symptoms, risk factors and treatment

Type 2 diabetes, patient symptoms, risk factors and treatment

Diabetes type 2, a condition that has a high blood sugar, called Hyperglycemia by there are two reasons that cause high blood sugar level is.

• 1. Insulin resistance
• 2. Reducing the level of insulin in your body.

Diabetes is mainly found. Because the pancreas can still make insulin, but not enough for the body's needs. Patients need to be on a diet, including insulin-injection type.

Type 2 Diabetes This is the most common type (about 90%) of all patients with diabetes. Due to insulin resistance when eating. Pancreas to produce insulin The sugar from food into cells to use as energy, But insulin resistance, resulting in insulin function poorly made high blood sugar and diabetes. When diabetes is not treated. Sugar high for a long period. The resulting condition is toxic to pancreatic cells. (Glucotoxicity) causes the pancreas to produce insulin does not. Deficiency of insulin (insulin secretory defect) together.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes patients

• - Found 90 percent of people with diabetes
• - The most common ages older than 30 years
• - Blurred vision
• - Wounds heal slowly
• - Beriberi hands and feet
• - Skin infections. Mouth or bladder
• - The symptoms occur gradually or symptoms are often detected when checking general health by accident.

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

• - A family history of diabetes. Standard overweight / obese.
• - Severe insulin resistance
• - History of diabetes during pregnancy.
• - High Blood Pressure
• - A fat HDL less than or equal to 35 mg / dl or triglycerides more than or equal to 250 mg / dL.
• - Exercise less
• - Obesity (abdominal obesity) eating too much energy spent, less exercise, less physical activity (sedentary lifestyle).

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

The goal of the treatment of type 2 diabetes is that patients treated with metformin plus diet  and exercise, with a target average sugar level control to 7% by the overseers, down within three months.

• - The principle is simple diet to reduce fat. Add foods that contain a lot of fiber
• - Exercise
• - Weight loss
• - Eat pills for reducing the sugar in my diet and exercise case doesn't work.
• - In the case of insulin injections, pills for reducing sugar don't work.

Type 2 Diabetes complications is important

1. High Sugar [Hyperglycemia] often occur in patients receiving the drug did not have enough or stress such as fever, stress, other. Patients will have symptoms.

• - Headache
• - Cloudy eyes.
• - Thirsty often. Frequent urination.
• - Dry skin, itching body.

2. Hypoglycemia cause

• - Receive too much insulin
• - Eat less
• - Exercise more
• - Drink alcohol on an empty stomach

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

• - The hunger
• - shaky
• - Fatigue
• - Confused.
• - Loss of consciousness

Type 1 diabetes and risk factors to cause diseases

Type 1 diabetes and risk factors to cause diseases

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body cannot create insulin as needed to control blood sugar levels.

In the normal digestive process. The body will make the food that you eat most of what makes glucose. Which can be stored in the body and can be used as energy. The hormone insulin, which is produced by the pancreas a hormone that controls the amount of glucose in the blood by helping the liver, muscle and fat cells to absorb glucose.

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin, or can be created, the body cannot use insulin properly. Cause high blood-sugar levels, which cause many health problems.

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body produces insulin, then less or not at all. This disease is considered abnormal immune system. Into attack and destroy the beta cells of the pancreas that make insulin.

Diabetes type 1 or ever known diabetes type diabetes insulin must be used – insulin-dependent or diabetes in children – juvenile-onset diabetes (because they are often found in children). Found 5% of all diabetes patients. Reference from the disease control and prevention centers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC).


Risk factors for diabetes type 1 consists of the possible

• - Genetically
• - Family history
• - Lack of vitamin d.
• - Start drinking cow's milk too quickly.
• - Diseases and other immune system diseases such as Addison's disease, thyroid, Disease and autoimmune gastritis.
• - Starting food grains and gluten early (before 4 months) or slow (7 months), too.
• - Birth mothers, while the age or toxemia of pregnancy.

 

5 Ways to reduce blood sugar, reduce diabetes a safe

5 Ways to reduce blood sugar, reduce diabetes a safe

Diabetes is a disease that even can not be cured. But if patients recognize health care myself properly. Conscious living habits, as appropriate. Only by using the 5 ways to reduce the blood sugar lowering and diabetes safe following would help reduce blood sugar levels and result in reduced symptoms of diabetes. There are the following:

1. Food Control

The main diet in people with diabetes is that it does not have the difference from the primary to the general public. You just need to focus on healthy food truly By eating all the food quantity, complete 5 group, it must have the proper proportions. Not too much or little, eat in large quantities because it may affect the blood sugar level rises fast. But if you eat less food, and lack of a body, it will cause low blood sugar, until the danger coming up.

For foods that are suitable for people with diabetes. If in the majority of food, carbohydrates recommended to eat cereal, whole grains or whole wheat bread, because it is a complex carbohydrate. Do not make the blood sugar level rises simultaneously, this should increase the amount of fruit and vegetables, high fiber, low sugar food quantities should be avoided is the food that tastes sweet too and should control the food, sweet and salted it too to prevent complications from other diseases until inducing the symptoms of diabetes.

2. Exercise

Diabetes patients can exercise normally. Because exercise helps promote healthy, help reduce the symptoms of diabetes is not severe, but will need to choose the type of exercise that is appropriate. It may be determined by age, aptitude and medical conditions.

The exercise is suitable for people with diabetes is exercise, aerobic exercise, such as walking, cycling, swimming. Yoga and Chinese Boxing exercises because it is an exercise that provides whole body continuous motion.  Without causing impact severity follow. Especially those with joint problems or foot The closer should avoid exercises that are causing the most, which should regularly exercise in aerobic forms such as aerobics routine 3-5 times a week for 20-40 minutes each time.

3. Diet to reduce blood sugar

- Ginger is an herb that Thailand's famed shot in the treatment of diabetes. Because ginger in a substance capable of stimulating the insulin in the body. Making the lower blood glucose levels and also affects the increase of the quantity of insulin. We can eat ginger regularly well being used as ingredients in food and drinking ginger juice.

- Cinnamon essential substances from herb cinnamon would help increase the secretion of the hormone insulin. Result in lower blood sugar levels. Help control blood cholesterol for diabetes type 2 is also possible indications from the cinnamon also reduces the risks of that disease, diabetes effectively.

- Garlic contains a compound of allicin, which helps reduce fats in the blood. Decrease blood pressure and aggressive in the fight against diabetes as well,  by the results from the study found that the substance ethanol demand garlic help lower blood sugar levels, and improves the effectiveness of insulin secretion.

- Green Apple : Eating Green apples, fresh every day will help keep blood sugar levels gradually increase regularly. Not too fast, because the sugar in the Apple will change as the body slowly, including the fibers in the Apple effect. There are inflatable features help increase excretion, thereby making it feel satiated longer to eat sweets.



In addition to the herbs, fruits and such, there are also many other types of plants that can be eaten to relieve the symptoms of diabetes, such as eggplant, okra, gourd, turmeric, pumpkin and wormwood, aloe, etc.

4. Supplementation Health Care

Supplements for high blood sugar should be extracted blood sugar, particularly the extraction of dietary supplements from apple. Because apple is one of the sweet fruit that diabetes can eat because after eating the apple. The sugar in the Apple will never enters the body immediately, but will be gradually absorbed into the body slowly.

However, apple is not a cure for diabetes, but it is just a very valuable fruit of both dietary fiber and vitamin c, that people with diabetes can eat.

5. Sleep enough rest

Typically, for a healthy body, strong, away from various diseases. Getting enough sleep is a factor to promote good health. Particularly the more diabetes people should sleep enough and should not sleep late because during the night. The body will act repair worn parts and hormone secretion will come out, work smarter. Make the body feeling refreshed. Not easy fatigue Result in a bright mood. Don't stress and does not affect hypoglycaemia, hunger. Specifically, there is a craving for Sweet's symptoms, but will increase the risk of severe disease symptoms occur.

How to inject insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

How to inject insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

Patients with diabetes type 2 as patients need to be treated with insulin forever. Insulin injection forms are the most popular type of insulin injections is moderate-acting or long-acting type, before bed time (21.00 pm or 24.00 pm) with pills, reduce the sugar level in the daytime by resizing the insulin, so that patients can manage their glucose levels better controls.

How to adjust the insulin dose and dose must receive approval from doctors, administrators, which is generally the advice is.

• - Adjust the insulin dose every 3-7 days based on blood glucose levels in the morning before breakfast. (From checking glucose levels. By a fingertip blood sample manually. Then check detection is used for self-monitoring of blood glucose at home. Or from blood at a hospital near his home).
  
  
• - Can adjust the size increase insulin 1-2 units if the blood glucose level is higher than the target level, but less than 180 mg/dl.
• - Increased insulin 2-4 units if the blood glucose level is higher than the target level, but exceeds 180 mg/dl.
  
  
• - Reduce insulin dose down 2 unit. If blood glucose levels lower than the target.
• - Scaled down four units of insulin if blood glucose below 70 mg / dL.

How to keep the insulin used

How to keep the insulin used

Insulin that is already in use should be stored in a refrigerator set temperature 2-8° C, do not place it in the freezer or the freezer, and after launched Use, then it should use all within 1-3 month, if there are no refrigerators can be stored at room temperature not exceeding 30° c approximately 1 month. Type of insulin pen can be collected by put in the pen box supplied without heat, and do not want it in the fridge. Will. You have about 1 months, which most often run out of time.

The insulin dosage is not enabled. To keep in the refrigerator temperature at the location 2-8 degrees Celsius.

For diabetics who travel Insulin can be administered ready to go. Without Ice If not heated Do not keep insulin in the car should be stored in a small bag. That can be easily picked.  If the distance traveled and very hot. Insulin may be stored in bags or plastic cans before putting them on ice.

10 Steps insulin injection by yourself in a few minutes

10 Steps insulin injection by yourself in a few minutes

Equipment preparation:

1. - The insulin must be sure that the injection is the correct type. Some patients have more than one type of insulin and must check for an expiration date. Or unusual color changes. Or insufficient sediment If checked, drug degradation should be discarded immediately.
   
   
   
   
2. - Insulin syringe
   
   
3. - Sterile clean cotton
   
   
4. - Alcohol type 70%

The steps for self-administered insulin are as follows.

• 1. Wash your hands with soap.
  
  
• 2. Roll the bottle of insulin on the palm horizontally. Do not use shake because it will cause bubbles. And the amount of insulin that is absorbed wrongly.
  
  
• 3. Clean the rubber stopper bottle insulin by cotton plating alcohol.
  
  
• 4. Use syringe sucking air into the syringe. Equal to the number of insulin to injection. Then push air into the bottle of insulin.
• - if the patient requires insulin shots mixes. Vacuum air into the volume of the insulin to needle injection. Insulin take active short and active medium, such as insulin injection type short action 5 units, working medium 10 unit. Sucking air in the needles of 15 unit.
  
  
• 5 upside down and suction insulin bottle. Insulin according to volume. But must ensure that the needle in the insulin dosage before inhale. To prevent the air suction into the syringe.
• - If the insulin type mix. To put the air into the insulin bottle of type medium-acting first, then suck insulin 10 unit. And put the air into the bottle to insulin action short then suck the insulin 5 unit.
  
  
• 6. Select the location of the injection include abdominal area away from the navel area is approximately 5-20 cm, upper arm, thigh and butt cheeks to absorb the abdominal area is better absorbed than the upper arm or thigh area. The injection should be approximately 1.5 inches away from its original location because the original position repeat injections may be caused. Fatty lumps caused by insulin (Lipohypertrophy).
  
  
• 7. Clean the injection site with a cotton swab moistened with alcohol. And let dry for 5-10 seconds before injection.
  
  
  
  
  
  
• 8. Hold the skin before injections were raised. This helps reduce the chance of embroidery needle into the muscle layer. The injection of insulin is required. Will be injected into the subcutaneous layer. (Subcutaneous injection)
• 9. Insulin injection by 45-90 degree angle to the skin. Mid-needle prick when the needle used to inject the insulin. But in the case of using a long needle to prick of a needle about ½ inch by 45-degree angle.
• 10. Push the rod all the way insulin syringes. After the injection, explore whether bleeding or not. If it is, press the injection area until blood stops, but no syringes should massage the area because it will make the absorption of insulin dosage faster and if the blister is embossed, shows that the injection into the skin layers epidermis (skin), which shows that the injection too shallow.

See clip : How to Inject Insulin

Why insulin is important to the lives of diabetics?

Why insulin is important to the lives of diabetics?

Know insulin

             Insulin is a hormone that the pancreas creates. And it is important. Bring blood sugar to various tissues. The body to create energy. But for diabetics. Can not take blood sugar to use as energy. Due to lack of hormone insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels rise. Patients often have pain in the urine, thirst, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, complications such as infectious disease is difficult to heal. Kidney and eye disease, etc.


When to use insulin

             • Diabetic pancreas builds insulin not enough for the needs of the body.
             • Diabetic patients with renal, hepatic, and hepatic failure.


Type of insulin
             Two sources of insulin are derived from the extraction of pancreas of pigs and cows. Another source is derived from genetic engineering. Make insulin like human insulin. This is less likely than the first. And used today.


Insulin is divided into several types. The duration of the action.

•              1. Fast acting, colorless, active in 10-15 minutes, maximum activity 1-3 hours and active for 3-5 hours, used to reduce blood sugar levels after meals.
•              2. Fast-acting and short-acting type, colorless, active in 30-60 minutes, maximum effect at 2-4 hours and active for 5-7 hours. To control sugar levels after meals or to lower blood sugar quickly if there is high blood sugar.
•              3. Moderate action. The characteristic is a turbid solution. Shake well before use every time. Effect in 2-4 hours, maximum activity at 6-12 hours and active for 18-24 hours. Used as the main insulin in the treatment of diabetes.
•              4. Long acting, clear, colorless, active in 2 hours with no effect. And for 24 hours, it is used for injection to keep blood insulin levels up in a whole day. And prevent hypoglycemia.
•              there is also Mixed insulin The fast-acting insulin is mixed with moderate-acting drugs in different ratios for patients requiring both types of insulin. It is a turbid solution to shake before using every time.

Why use insulin by injection?

•               If the patient receives insulin by eating. The drug is destroyed by digestive enzymes. It must be injected directly into the body.
•               The injection is usually injected under the skin. However, it must be strictly adhered to by the physician.

Where can I get insulin?

              Insulin is injected into the abdomen both legs, hips, upper arms and need to use alcohol to wipe the injection area. Do not repeat the same place more than once in 1-2 months, as it may cause injection site. Kidney stone When pulling out the needle, use cotton gently pressing the massage at the injection. Because the drug absorbed too quickly. It can cause low blood sugar. In the next injection should be injected away from the same point 1 inch.




In addition to ordinary syringes There are 2 types of insulin injection.

•               1. Insulin Pen Similar to a large fountain pen. Insulin in a small glass tube to fit into the pen. Currently used very commonly. It is easy to carry and use. By spinning to the desired number, the amount of insulin will be followed. No need to take the medicine out of the bottle. But the price is quite high.
  
  
  
•               2. Insulin Pump The device is attached to the patient at all times with a needle inserted under the skin, which is attached to the computer-controlled device. It will be programmed to inject low-dose insulin into the body at any time. And insulin doses increase before meals. To imitate a normal person

Storage Tips

•                - Insulin is not yet available. If stored at 2-8 ° C, it can be stored for as long as the bottle, but can be kept at room temperature (about 25 ° C) for about 30 days. Insulin stored at high temperatures, such as in the sun, or at very low temperatures. Like in the freezer of the refrigerator. Should not be used because of deterioration. It is not recommended to keep the lid on the refrigerator, because it can cause the temperature is not stable. From the closure - open the refrigerator.
•                - Insulin is already activated. And keep in the insulin pen. Can be stored at room temperature (25 Degree Celsius) for about 30 days.
•                - Open bottle insulin and refrigerated (2-8 degrees Celsius) will be kept for about 3 months from the bottle opener. If stored at room temperature (25 ° C) for about 30 days.

Prevent infection when wearing high heels for diabetics.

Prevent infection when wearing high heels for diabetics.

Diabetic footwear must be more special than normal people's shoes, such as exercising by playing snooker, cycling, walking, exercise, driving, or even chess. Must choose a good shoes to pay attention.

When diabetics are required to wear high heels. Choosing high heels for nights club has the following criteria:


1. Carry your comfortable shoes with you everywhere. To change in time, high heels cause problems with abrasions around bruises, pressure ulcers.

2. If you need to wear high heels for social work, the party must choose shoes with heels not higher than 1 inch to prevent pressure on the foot. And do not wear high heels to long time.

3. When wearing high heels for a long time, such as every 2 hours, remove the shoe and explore the foot area to look for abrasions around the bruise.

4. Avoid work or activities that require high heels or if not, it should wear high heels at no more than 2 hours.

5. When buying high heels, choose the right one for yourself. Must wear high heels, walking confident. Heel height is not very high. Wear the stockings to protect the feet first.

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เริ่มแรกด้วยการที่แนตื่นนอนในตอนเช้าตรู่ รีบอาบน้ำ กินข้าว แล้วออกเดินทางไปผจญภัยแต่เช้าเลย โดยการยืนรอรถปรำทางราว 20นาที พอรถมาถึงปรากฏว่ารถมีคนนั่งเต้มคันแล้ว ผมจึงต้องโหนท้ายรถไปถึงหน้าวิทยาลัยอาชีวะศึกษาสงขลา

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