6 types of condoms you should know

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6 types of condoms you should know

The condom is the most used contraceptive method currently. Its importance lies in the fact that it can not only prevent unwanted pregnancies, it also prevents the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
With a 99 percent effectiveness, there are many types and brands of condoms on the market, here we present some types of condoms in the voice of the psychologist and sexologist Ariadna Pulido de Doctoralia.




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1. Latex

It is the most common type of condom and used to be the lowest price in the market. Its effectiveness is 99 percent. Some people are allergic to this material, so watch for signs such as redness, itching or burning.

2. Silicone

Silicon condoms are used by people with sensitive skin.
The sensitivity of this material is similar to that of latex but has presented less allergic reactions. Its effectiveness is the same.

3. Textured

These condoms usually have relief or various textures to increase both male and female pleasure. Its effectiveness is also 99 percent, its use depends on what each person wants at the time of sexual intercourse.

4. Feminine
This type of condom is rarely used because its price can be up to seven times higher than that of male condoms. Your placement may be hours before intercourse and may be used for more than one intercourse without removal.

5. Different flavors

Condoms with flavor and aroma are recommended and generally used for oral sex. These prevent STDs that can be transmitted orally. They are used for a greater sexual romp.

6. Of different sizes

Some brands present their condoms by sizes small, medium, large and extra large. Knowing the correct size of condoms you should use could help prevent accidents such as condom breakage.

Sizes on condoms, how to know which one is yours

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Sizes on condoms, how to know which one is yours

It is true that condoms are elastic and stretch a lot, but we must take special care, because condoms exert some pressure on the penis, especially the condom ligament, something that can be painful for men, and all for not use the right size, that's why today we're going to show you the sizes in the condoms .

The male genitalia have different sizes, which is why in recent years more tight condoms and larger condoms have appeared, in order for men to have the right product for the size of their penis.




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Wisdom That Helps: According to the National Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV / AIDS (Censida), since the late 80's the use of condoms has gradually increased among the young population; while in 1988 it was barely used by 6%, now the average is over 70%

How to know what is the correct size?

There are 6 different sizes in condoms , traditionally the sizes are grouped into three types, which are: small, medium and large. But there are three different subcategories that can help you find the ideal size for your penis. So we have that the sizes are XS, S, M, L, XL and XXL. Using condoms of your correct size will allow you to enjoy sex more comfortable and safe, you will get the perfect fit. If the condom is loose you will slip, but if you squeeze too much will cause discomfort that will prevent you from enjoying a pleasant relationship, as who says ... not very, very and not so, so.

The measure that really matters is the circumference, and the length may not be as important, since the condoms are unrolled, you must measure yourself with the penis in erection and you must measure the thickest part of your penis.

Sizes in condoms:

•     Size XS: It is for penises between 5-10 cm. of circumference and 8-16cm. of length
•     Size S: For penises between 10-11 cm. of circumference and 10-18 cm. of length.
•     Size M: Cocks between 11-11.5 cm. of circumference and 13-19 cm. of length.
•     Size L: For penises between 11.5-12 cm. of circumference and 14-20 cm. of length.
•     Size XL: For penises between 12-14 cm. of circumference and 15-20 cm. of length.
•     Size XXL: For penises of 14 or more cm in circumference and 15-20 cm. in length, or more.

How to get the measure:

It is common for men to measure themselves incorrectly, sometimes because of the male ego and other times because they do not measure themselves well. But having the right condom will allow you comfort, safety and pleasure.

To measure the length put the measuring tape and stand with the penis erect and in a position parallel to the floor, measure your penis along the tape supporting the symphysis pubis. To measure the thickness do it by the central part of the trunk of the penis, rolling the tape measure starting from the side of the penis that is towards the ground. Another way to know which is your ideal size is buying and testing the different sizes in the condoms of the store and choose those that best fit your measurements.

Some condoms:

If you find it difficult to find your size because they do not sell it at the pharmacy, you can always use your nearest condom. The condoms are places with a strong tendency for sexual health, unlike the SexShop that tend to have a tendency to play and eroticism.

Do you know how many types of condoms exist?

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Do you know how many types of condoms exist?

This night is the night! Finally, you will meet your partner in bed, so you decide to be cautious and have condoms at hand. You enter the pharmacy, find the condom hall and face the great dilemma of choosing which package to buy. Do you know how many types of condoms exist?




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Wisdom That Helps: According to the Mexican Youth Institute (IMJ) Currently 36% of young Mexicans do not use a condom in their sexual relations


Your parents, teachers, friends and even the media repeated to you that you should be responsible for sex and that the condom is the best way to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies; however, no one told you there were several types of condoms.

Yes of course, you are aware that there are female condoms and that male condoms can come in various sizes, but ... fluorescent, flavored and textured?

To clear your doubts and next time you find it easier to buy them, here we present the different types of condom.


Do you know how many types of condoms exist?

•     Change of temperature . These condoms contain a thermal lubricant that will raise the temperature of your sexual encounter and provide you with greater pleasure.
•     Fluorescent These condoms are photosensitive, so they glow in the dark. They are ideal to give a fun touch to your nights of passion.
•     Flavors If your partner and you like oral sex, you can not stop trying these condoms, they will give an exotic touch to your meetings.
•     Textured These condoms have become popular in recent times, because the texture of the surface will raise your sensitivity and allow you to enjoy more of your partner. This variety is usually recommended for women who say sex is more enjoyable without a condom.
•     Lubricant These are the most used condoms and their only purpose is to facilitate penetration.
•     Retardant Although few men accept it, many suffer from premature ejaculation , which is why these condoms were created that contain anesthetic substances that delay orgasm.
•     Spermicide. These condoms contain a substance, both inside and on the surface, that nullifies the function of sperm.
•     Aromatics Like flavored condoms and fluorescents, aromatics will give a special touch to your encounters. You can even choose a scent that will help you relax.
•     With vibrator . Although they are more expensive than other condoms, this variety guarantees you reach the climax, since its vibrating ring stimulates the clitoris during penetration.
•     Extra thin . Its very name says, these condoms are made with the thinnest latex exists, so the two will have greater sensitivity during sex. And do not worry, the fact that they are thin does not mean they break easily.

The 9 best types of condoms

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The 9 best types of condoms

1. Fluorescents


They shine in the dark, to guide you when the lights go out.

2. Flavors


They are perfect for oral sex, remember that who should choose the flavor is you, since you are the one that will delight in trying it.




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3. Textured


If you are the one who prefers sex without a condom, because you think it feels better, you can use this type of condom, as its name says it is textured simulating a penis.

4. With lubricant


Sometimes a little help is needed and with lubricant it will be easier to penetrate.

5. With spermicide


This type of condom contains spermicide on the surface and inside the condom, this cancels the function of the sperm.

6. With retardant


Prevent premature ejaculation that affects a large percentage of men. They have anesthetic substances, which reduce sensitivity, thus delaying the moment of climax for them.

7. Aromatics


Use them to play with your partner, this encourages the sexual relationship because it is something out of the routine.

8. With vibrator


They have a small device that turns the condom into a temporary vibrator. It would be worth buying to try it, well, more than anything, to feel it. The cost is higher than that of a normal condom.

9. Extra fines


They are very thin, therefore there will be more sensitivity in the sexual act.

Biotinidase Deficiency

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Biotinidase Deficiency

DEFICIENCY OF BIOTINIDASE is a treatable metabolic disease in which the body is unable to obtain the vitamin BIOTIN in the proper way. Early diagnosis with initiation of treatment even in the first months of life assures the baby a normal life without any symptoms of the disease.

The human body is very complex. Within it, thousands of chemical reactions occur involving the food we eat, the air we breathe, our adaptation to the environment, and our growth and development. Some of these chemical reactions allow food to be processed or metabolized for use by our body.

Enzymes are special proteins produced by the body to allow chemical reactions to occur. Enzymes with adequate function are called active or with activity. Some enzymes need vitamins to be active. Often a single active enzyme acts in the supply of various substances that our body needs.



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Sometimes the body does not produce a sufficient enzyme or the enzyme that is manufactured does not work properly. This causes the enzyme to have a reduction of its activity and does not function as it should. Other chemical reactions that depend on this enzyme may also be impaired.

If the activity of the enzyme is less than 10% of its normal activity it is considered deficient. Normally enzymatic deficiencies entail medical problems. Health problems resulting from a deficient enzyme are called metabolic diseases because the metabolism or chemical processes of the body is not happening normally.

Biotinidase is an important enzyme in our body. People with biotinidase deficiency do not have sufficient biotinidase activity (Figure 01). Individuals with biotinidase deficiency have enzyme activity less than 10% of normal and sometimes have no activity. These individuals with biotinidase activity less than 10% of the normal mean have profound biotinidase deficiency. Parents of children with biotinidase deficiency have approximately 50% of normal biotinidase activity, which is sufficient to prevent health problems. People who have biotinidase activity between 10 and 30% of normal have partial deficiency of biotinidase. Both forms require treatment. The figure below illustrates the percentages of biotinidase activity in blood and compares them with normal activity.

Biotinidase is an important enzyme in the biotin cycle, the chain of chemical reactions involved in the use and reuse of vitamin biotin. An important task of biotinidase is to separate or release biotin from food proteins. In addition, biotinidase allows the body to recycle biotin several times so there is no need to consume large amounts of this vitamin in our daily diet.

Free biotin is required so that a group of enzymes called carboxylases work perfectly. Carboxylases are important in the metabolism of some fats, carbohydrates and proteins. In order for the inactive carboxylase to become active, the free biotin must be attached to the amino acid, lysine, at a specific site of the inactive carboxylase.

Eventually the carboxylases are degraded, but the biotin is attached to the lysine. This biotin-lysine complex is known as biocitin. Biocitin is normally degraded by biotinidase in free biotin and lysine. In this way, biotin is recycled and can be reused by the carboxylases.

When biotinidase activity is deficient the biotin that is contained in food can not be used by the carboxylases. Carboxylases are incapable of performing their normal functions. Without proper biotinidase activity, the body needs large amounts of free biotin, more than is consumed in a normal diet. When there is no biotin available in the body, health problems begin to appear.

A frequent question is: how does biotinidase deficiency affect my child?

WITHOUT TREATMENT

Without the ingestion of biotin, children with biotinidase deficiency may develop one or more of the following symptoms:

•     Alopecia (hair loss) .
•     Delayed development.
•     Hypotonia.
•     Aciduria lactic.
•     Convulsions .
•     Skin rashes / skin infections.
•     Ataxia.
•     Conjunctivitis.
•     Loss of hearing.
•     Lethargy.
•     Mild hyperammonemia.
•     Breathing problems.
•     Vision problems.
•     With the.
•     Difficulty feeding.
•     Fungal infections.
•     Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
•     Speech problems.
•     Splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen).

Symptoms usually manifest between the third and sixth month of life, but may appear earlier, for example, at one week of life or later at ten years of age. The number of symptoms a child develops and the seriousness of the disorder can vary from child to child, even though they are from the same family.

Initial symptoms of biotinidase deficiency usually include convulsions of various types, especially myoclonic seizures, and hypotonia. These symptoms are not unique to biotinidase deficiency, but are a clue to investigate it. Other symptoms that occur early include tachypnea (rapid breathing), hyperventilation, stridor (noisy breathing), apnea, skin rashes, seborrhea or atopic dermatitis, partial or complete hair loss, conjunctivitis, delayed mental development. Ataxia and developmental delay are observed in the course of the disease. The immune system apparently alters and viral and bacterial infections can occur in untreated children. Hearing loss is usually sensorineural and vision problems, primarily optic atrophy, may arise. Metabolites can accumulate abnormally causing permanent damage to organs such as brain, skin, ear and eyes. Children who do not receive adequate treatment can die early.

According to research by Dr. Barry Wolf * 95% of children who have some type of symptom also have some degree of hearing loss. So if your child / patient has any of the symptoms listed above, you should do a hearing test. If your child did not present any symptoms and was medicated in the first weeks of life the examination is not necessary.

Deficiency of undiagnosed and treated biotinidase may be considered one of the causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, although more information is needed in this area.

WITH TREATMENT:

All children who developed the symptoms of biotinidase deficiency had significant and rapid improvements with the onset of biotin ingestion.

Children who underwent the neonatal screening test (Pezinho Test) and started treatment early to date did not develop any of the symptoms.

HOW IS DEFICIENCY DIAGNOSED?

Diagnosis of BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY is performed through the neonatal screening test, better known as Pezinho Test. With an early diagnosis the treatment can be initiated even in the first month of life, thus preventing symptoms from manifesting.

WHAT IS THE SCAN TEST?

It is an analytical method valid for the identification of some individuals, of a certain population, with high probability of manifesting a particular disease. When the neonatal screening test presents a change, another analytical procedure is necessary to provide data that allow a differential diagnosis to be made. Therefore, the result of the screening test, alone, is not definitive.

HOW IS MY BABY TEST MADE?

A drop of blood is obtained from the baby's heel, a vascularized and almost painless zone, and impregnated on a special filter paper. After the blood has dried, the sample can be sent by the Post Office to a specialized laboratory. A "pick" of the paper with the blood is removed, and through biochemical procedures the activity of the enzyme is "measured" by the color intensity present at the end of the reaction. The absence of color or staining below the standards used defines the result of the screening: absence or decrease of biotinidase activity.

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IS POSSIBLE?

Yes; In the most severe cases, the symptoms appear after six months. As it is a disease that is difficult to recognize by the physician (its symptoms are confused with those of several other pathologies) the clinical diagnosis may not be made and the consequences can be very serious.

HOW TO ASSURE THAT THE TEST IS RELIABLE?

The laboratory works with biological variables. How to ensure that an airplane will not fall or that we will not have accidents on a trip? A general limitation of any screening test is that not all affected individuals will be identified, but almost 100% will be identified. In general, false-positive results (not confirmed in subsequent tests) are more likely than false-negative results (presence of disease and result expressed as normal).

IF THE RESULT HAS TAKEN PARTIAL ACTIVITY THE TEST MUST BE REFURBISHED?

The screening test should ALWAYS be confirmed. Biotinidase is an enzyme that is sensitive to heat and time. The first confirmation can be made on filter paper. If the confirmed activity is confirmed, the confirmatory test must be done in the serum (collection of the arm), and this should be sent to the frozen laboratory.

WHAT IF YOU HAVE SUSTAINED ACTIVITY?

The analysis should be done directly in the serum and as soon as possible. Remember that of all diseases of the foot test, it is the easiest, cheap and effective treatment.

HOW IS BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY TREATED?

People with BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY are unable to get BIOTIN in their daily diet. For a successful treatment it is necessary to take 5 to 20 mg of BIOTIN FREE daily, orally for an indefinite time.

Children with BIOTINIDASE DEFICIENCY who initiate treatment early do not develop symptoms related to this disorder. It is a lifelong treatment and should not be interrupted.

Biotin can be obtained from handling pharmacies. The price of biotin can vary from state to state. There have already been price variations of up to 650% from one pharmacy to another, in different cities. Since it is a permanent treatment, it is worth consulting in several pharmacies, remembering that care must be taken to acquire biotin in a well-accredited pharmacy.

No serious side effects from biotin ingestion are known, despite the limited amount of information available on continued use of the vitamin. With the progress of children treated with biotin, doctors are gaining a better understanding of the need for biotin in the body.

Biotin is usually handled and delivered to the patient in capsules or tablets. Do not use tablets. Use the capsules that can be unlocked and added in the baby's milk or in your food. In the case of mothers who are breastfeeding their babies, one should manually remove the milk from the breast and dissolve the biotin in a small amount of it. Make sure the baby is ingesting all the medicine. The most practical thing is to dissolve the contents of the capsule and to give in a spoon or cup with milk, juice or water. Bottle feeding is not a good option as the powder can be trapped in the bottle nozzle. Liquid biotin should not be administered as it may result in an inadequate dosage. Usually biotin is administered once daily.

WHAT CAUSES BIOTINIDASE DISABILITY?

Children with biotinidase deficiency received the genetic inheritance of two genes for biotinidase deficiency, one from the father and one from the mother. It is not caused by something that either parent did before or after the baby's birth.

The instructions for the body to make the biotinidase enzyme function are encoded in a pair of genes. Genes are tiny units of genetic information that tell our body cells how to do certain jobs, such as enzymes. We all possess a unique set of 50,000 to 100,000 different gene pairs, each encoded to exert a function. The instructions are received from a single code in the DNA, the material with which the genes are made. If there is some kind of error in the instructions the gene product will not work properly.

Genes are organized into small groups called chromosomes. In each chromosome there are between 2,000 and 5,000 genes. Each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, one member of each pair is inherited from the parent and one member inherited from the parent. There are 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 01 pair of sex chromosomes (which determines whether the person is a man or a woman).

Because the chromosomes come in pairs, the genes also come in pairs. One copy of each gene is inherited from the mother and one from the father. Although a child divides half of its genes with each parent, it is still different from them, since it receives the other half of the other parent. Brothers and sisters also have their own combination because they never inherit exactly the same combination of genes unless they are identical twins.

People with biotinidase deficiency receive a defective biotinidase gene from the father and mother. As they have no copies of the normal gene the biotinidase activity of their body does not work or is very low.

People who have a normal gene and a gene with biotinidase deficiency have 50% levels of enzyme activity but are sufficient to prevent symptoms. These people are called carriers (heterozygotes) of biotinidase deficiency.

All parents of a child with biotinidase deficiency are carriers that have generated a recessive condition. This gene is not identified except when the father and mother are carriers and generate a recessive child. The probability of carrier parents generating a carrier child is 50% for each pregnancy. Already the chance of generating a child with biotinidase deficiency is 25% in each pregnancy. And there is also a 25 percent chance of generating a child who does not carry the "defective" gene.

That is, a couple may have more than one child with biotinidase deficiency. But at the same time you can simply have a child without even having the biotinidase deficient gene.

If you have a child with biotinidase deficiency, make sure your other children (if any) have taken the biotinidase deficiency test. Everybody should do it.

Biotin or Vitamin B7

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Biotin or Vitamin B7

Biotin, which can also be called vitamin B7, is an important vitamin that integrates the B complex. Because it is soluble in water, the body can not store it and needs its constant production and ingestion.

Benefits of Biotin

Its benefits are several, since it helps the body to convert nutrients into energy, and one of the best known is to maintain the health of hair, nails and skin . In the past, it has been named "Coenzyme R" and "Vitamin H", which comes from the German "Haar" (Hairs) and "Haut" (Pele).



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Biotin: What It Is for

Biotin serves to improve the metabolism of macronutrients in digestion, as it is part of the functioning of various enzymes in the body, known as the carboxylases. Such enzymes activate the production, for example, of fatty acids and glucose (gluconeogenesis), from the breakdown of important amino acids, such as leucine.

Thus, biotin is involved primarily in energy production , participating in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins that we eat, which are broken down into nutrients of smaller units and finally can be absorbed by the body.

In addition, the benefits of vitamin B7 benefit the heart and circulatory system because it helps to reduce triglycerides, which are harmful elements in the circulation, and consequently reduces "bad" cholesterol and increases "good" (HDL) cholesterol: which means lessening the risk of hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

Biotin is considered important in the production of myelin, which is a protective covering of nerve fibers in the eyes, brain and spinal cord. Those who have Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease, have a progressive destruction in the myelin, so biotin can help to regenerate this tissue.

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There are already researches that prove that high doses of biotin produce clinical improvement in patients with Multiple Sclerosis . Bone marrow and other nerve cells can grow or be repaired with biotin.

The gain of muscle mass is similarly provided by biotin, especially when there is damage to the muscles and these need repair - after long training in muscle hypertrophy, for example. Biotin-containing enzymes perform protein synthesis , which is required for muscle growth.

Regulate Glucose

Another benefit of biotin is in regulating sugar levels - glucose - in the body. With its stability, when there is a good functioning of enzymes, biotin prevents the glucose from suffering shortage or excess, balancing insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. This is how Type 2 Diabetes is prevented. But for this, a minimally balanced diet is also needed, without sugar exaggerations.

To demonstrate such a benefit, some controlled studies in diabetics have indicated that biotin supplements in conjunction with mineral chromium may help treat some people with Type 2 Diabetes, as compared to healthy subjects, patients with Type 2 Diabetes may have lack of biotin in the body.

Biotin in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

During gestation and breast-feeding , biotin is also a very important component as there is an increased need for vitamin B7. It is estimated that up to half of pregnant women may have a mild biotin deficiency, but this does not always produce noticeable symptoms.

The hypothesis is that this deficiency occurs because of the faster metabolism of biotin in the body during gestation. And this may still interfere with the development of the fetus, so many pregnant women receive supplementation of Complex B by the doctor. And finally, one of the first known benefits of biotin is still the strengthening of the nails and hair.

Biotin for Hair and Nails

The brittle nails are those that easily crack, peel or chip. The estimate is that this condition affects about 20% of the world's population, not necessarily for lack of biotin, but often the vitamin helps to reverse the situation.

Some studies have already been done in which at least 25% of participants with fragile nails who received biotin supplementation had improvement after at least 5 weeks of treatment. In the case of hair, the mechanism is the same: deficiency of vitamin B7 can lead to hair loss, although there are few studies on this.

Biotin Deficiency

Biotin deficiency can still affect the health of the skin, causing seborrheic dermatitis and symptoms such as redness and scaly rash , which can be reversed with a good diet with biotin. The hypothesis is that this benefit to the skin, nails and hair is related to the breakdown of fat provided by biotin, but there is still no scientific evidence.

Sources and Biotin Supplement

Biotin is found in many foods, so it is difficult to need supplementation of vitamin B7, the manipulated biotin. But it may be indicated to improve the health of certain at-risk groups, such as pregnant women, athletes, and the elderly.

There are also rarer cases of hereditary biotin disease, in which biotin supplementation is extremely necessary. The best biotin supplement is for oral use , as ointments and gel for skin and hair usually do not work.

Main Foods

Probiotic bacteria in the gut are capable of producing biotin, and we can also find it in various foods . The main sources of biotin are:

•     Fish
•     Bull's liver
•     Egg yolk
•     milk
•     Whole Rice
•     Potatoes

Still found in other foods like: soy, oats, nuts, spinach, broccoli, cauliflower and bananas.

Important: Egg white should always be cooked or fried to deactivate avidin protein, which prevents the absorption of biotin.

Recommended daily intake

The recommended biotin intake per day is 5 mcg for children and 30 mcg for adults . For pregnant or lactating women, this amount may increase to 35 mcg per day .

Biotin deficiency is not very common because bacteria and food usually have enough of the body's needs. And as for weight, biotin does not fatten or supplement. Since it is a vitamin, it has no calories. Biotin may even aid in weight loss if accompanied by a balanced diet.

Biotin

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Biotin

PUBLICITY

Background: In 1916, Bateman observed that rats fed egg white as the sole source of protein developed neuromuscular disorders, dermatitis and hair loss. This syndrome could be prevented if you cook the white or if you added liver or yeast to the diet. In 1936, Kögl and Tönis isolated from the egg yolk a substance that was essential for the growth of yeast and called it biotin. Later, it was found that this factor and the one that prevented the poisoning of cooked egg white were the same.

Synonyms: vitamin B8. Of the biotin there are 3 variants that are the biocitina, the lysine and the dextro and levo sulfoxido of biocitina. They are useful for the growth of certain microorganisms and their usefulness to man is not known.



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Recommended daily doses: 100 to 200 micrograms.

Main sources: meats, egg yolks, milk, fish and nuts. Biotin is stable to cooking.

Main functions: important function in the metabolism of sugars and fats.

Manifestations of deficiency: very rare and practically only appear if there is destruction of the intestinal bacteria, administration of biotin antimetabolites and feeding with raw egg white to happen the lack of biotin. In these cases, atrophic glossitis, muscular pains, lack of appetite, flaccidity, dermatitis and electrocardiogram changes occur. People who eat only raw eggs for a long time have presented these manifestations. People who are parenterally may also have signs and symptoms of biotin deficiency. Skin lesions are characterized by severe exfoliative dermatitis and hair loss that are reversible with the administration of biotin.

Children with child seborrhea and people with genetic defects are treated with doses of 5 to 10 mg / day of biotin.

Manifestations of excesses: large doses of biotin can cause diarrhea.


VITAMIN H
It is part of the B complex

Synonymy: vitamin B7, biotin.

FUNCTION

It is a vitamin synthesized by bacteria. It serves as the carrier for activated carbon dioxide. Spontaneous deficiency of erotin occurs rarely, if it occurs in humans the daily requirement is small, and intestinal microbes synthesize sufficient amounts, which can be absorbed without additional nutritional sources. Egg white contains a protein called avidin, which binds to biotin very strongly (very actively). Baking the egg white denatured avidin and abolished biotin binding activity. Biotin has the ability to neutralize the toxic effect of raw egg white by combining neutralizing the effect of the so-called avidin, which is a secretion of the oviduct mucosa of the bird. It works on the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. Helps in the preventive treatment of baldness. Calms muscle aches. Relieves eczema and dermatitis. Keeps skin and circulatory system healthy. It breaks fats and proteins. Important role in hair growth. Helps in the work of other B vitamins, antidermático.

RANKING
Water soluble.

METABOLISM

The biotin ingested in the diet is absorbed by the small intestine and is soon afterwards found in the blood and tissues. The skin is especially rich in biotin. Biotin is eliminated in part of urine, and partly through feces. It is impossible to differentiate between the ingested biotin and the biotin synthesized by the intestinal flora in the faeces, and the amounts excreted in the faeces on a daily basis could be twice as much as or even five times the amount ingested.

DEFICIENCY

Depression, drowsiness, muscle aches, anorexia, peeling of the skin, skin disorders (exfoliative dermatitis). Conjunctivitis, lassitude. The syndrome of spontaneous deficiency in man has been observed in individuals who have consumed raw egg whites for a long time.

EXCESS

Biotin is tolerated by humans without side effects, even at high doses.

SOURCES

Liver and kidney of ox, egg yolk, potato, banana, peanut.

Source: vitaminas.netsaber.com.br

The third component of Max Burn, biotin (the other two are phisilium and chitosan) is called by some of vitamin B8, and by others of vitamin H (other than those who call it vitamin B7). It works directly on the metabolism of the skin, the nails and the hair, providing the construction of these tissues from the carbohydrates and the ingested proteins.

Where to find in nature

The human body is not able to synthesize biotin, so we should consume foods rich in this vitamin, such as:

• flower pollen;
• wheat germ;
• yeast;
• orange;
• germinated alfalfa;
• nuts;
• melon;
• yogurt;
• Soy;
• egg yolk;
• spinach juice;
• avocado;
• oats.

Biotin and hair loss
Biotin became quite famous after television began to show testimonials from celebrities who said they were successfully combating hair loss by taking daily doses of biotin.
Biotin for weight loss

Although it is not the function in which biotin is most efficient, it can be used in the treatments for slimming, by acting directly on the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins.

However, the main benefit of ingesting biotin during the weight-loss diet is precisely the accelerated regeneration of the skin (which tends to become flabby with the elimination of extra fat). Besides, who does not want to have strong, shiny and beautiful hair and nails?

Everything You Need to Know About Biotin Deficiency

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Everything You Need to Know About Biotin Deficiency

Biotin is a vitamin B also known as vitamin H or B-7.
Helps the body convert carbohydrates to glucose, which is necessary
to produce energy.

Biotin also helps metabolize fats and amino acids, which the body
uses to build protein. Protein is needed to repair and
maintain the cells.

It is rare for a healthy person to eat a balanced diet suffering from
biotin deficiency.



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Quick facts about biotin deficiency:

•   * Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B-7, is one of the B groups
•     of vitamins.
•   * Biotin plays a role in embryonic growth, so it is important to
•     during pregnancy.
•   * A deficiency is treated with oral biotin supplements.

    What is biotin?

Bottle of natural vitamin supplements poured into the tabletop of
wood.

B vitamins help convert carbohydrates into
glucose, which the body uses as energy.

B vitamins also help the body to process fats and
proteins and the nervous system to function. Sometimes referred to as
B complex vitamins, they are necessary for healthy skin,
hair, eyes and liver function.

Biotin is available in small amounts in some foods.
In addition, the microbiome, which is the bacterial population living in
intestines, produces biotin

Similar to all B vitamins, biotin is water soluble. That
means that it dissolves in the water inside the body and can not be
stored.


    Who is at risk for biotin deficiency?

People with health problems that affect how the body absorbs
nutrients, or which are in certain medicines, may be at risk of
develop biotin deficiency.

Biotinidase deficiency (BTD) is the most common cause of disability
of biotin. BTD is a rare inherited disorder in which the body is not
capable of using biotin and leads to biotin deficiency. It is caused by a
mutation in the BTD gene. This gene instructs the body on how to make
enzyme biotinidase, which the body needs to extract biotin from food.

BTD affects approximately one in 60,000 newborns.

Infants with FTD tend to begin to have symptoms of the disease in the
first weeks or months of life. The most common symptoms include:

•   * hypotonia or weak muscles
•   convulsions
•   alopecia or hair loss
•   eczema
•   * developmental delay

Between 25 and 50 percent of babies born with BTD exhibit one or more of the
following procedures:

  ataxia or poor coordination

•   * conjunctivitis or red eye
•   * Loss of hearing
•   * lethargy and drowsiness

Between 10 to 25 percent of babies with BTD experience:

•   * periods of unconsciousness
•   vomit
•   * diarrhea
•   * fungal infections

In less than 10% of cases, children with BTD suffer:

•   * hepatomegaly or enlargement of the liver
•   * splenomegaly or (enlarged spleen)
•   * speech problems

Without treatment, BTD can lead to a coma or be fatal.

All newborns in the United States are screened for BTD. a
physician usually diagnoses BTD by making a family history and a
blood test. Prenatal fluid testing of the uterus sample for the
Biotinidase activity is also available.

Although the symptoms of biotin deficiency usually appear in the
the first months of life, the symptoms may also appear later in the
childhood.


Conditions and medications

Doctor talking to patient about prescription and condition.

Other factors that put people at risk of developing
biotin deficiency include:

•   * Being in parenteral nutrition, which means being fed via
•     intravenous, for long periods.
•   * Take anti-convulsive medication over a long period of time, which may
•     biotin levels in the body.
•   * Taking antibiotics over a long period of time because they can
•     biotin-producing bacteria in the intestine.
•   * Having a condition, such as Crohn's disease, that hampers absorption
•     of nutrients in the intestines.
•   * Have excessive exposure to alcohol, which inhibits the absorption of biotin.

      Pregnancy

At least one third of pregnant women will develop disability
biotin.


    What are the symptoms?

The symptoms of biotin deficiency begin gradually and can
accumulate over time.

Symptoms may include hair loss, loss of hair on the body and
a reddish and scaly rash around the openings of the body,
including the eyes, nose, mouth and anus. Conjunctivitis can also be
develop.

Adults with biotin deficiency may suffer:

•   convulsions
•   * skin infections
•   * brittle nails
•   * neurological problems, such as depression, lethargy, hallucinations, and
•     paresthesias (pins and needles) in the extremities

    How is this treated?

Vegetables, legumes and beans, arranged in bowls and spoons on the table
wooden.

Although the symptoms of BTD may disappear with medical assistance,
a person may need to take biotin for the rest of his or her life.

Multivitamins and biotin supplements are available without prescription.
However, a balanced diet is considered to be the best source of
Complex B vitamins.

The recommended daily intake of an adult is 30 micrograms (mcg),
while the recommended intake of a child is 5 micrograms per
day. Pregnant women should seek 35 mcg per day.

People should talk to their doctor before taking a supplement.
of biotin. Biotin may be present in adult or
prenatal care, and there may be dangers in taking high doses.

Anyone who suspects that they may have a disability is advised to
talk to your health care team.

Good sources of biotin include:

•   * brewer's yeast
•   * boiled eggs, the particular yolk
•   sardines
•   * nuts, especially almonds, peanuts, walnuts and walnuts
•   * nut butter
•   * legumes, including soybeans, beans, peas
•   * whole grains
•   * cauliflower
•   * bananas
•   * mushrooms

It is important to keep in mind that some
food can destroy biotin. It is also important to note that
clear proteins contain a protein called avidin that interferes in the form
how the body absorbs biotin.


      Cosmetic Biotin

Biotin supplements are often promoted for the health of the
hair, skin and nails, but there is little evidence to show that
are effective.


    Take away

Biotin deficiency is reversible. People with BTD will be prescribed
Biotin supplements, which will stop the symptoms, but they usually
need to take supplements in the long run. The FDA does not monitor
supplements as closely as they monitor food and
that a person choose a reputable source.

They should also talk to their doctor about all supplements,
vitamins, herbs and medications before starting new courses.

Most other causes of biotin deficiency can be treated
with changes in diet, although a short period of use of supplements
be recommended in the diagnosis.

Anyone who suspects that they have a biotin deficiency should speak to
a health professional about what to do next.

Test of the foot will diagnose loss of salt and biotin in newborns

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Test of the foot will diagnose loss of salt and biotin in newborns

As of November 26, 2013, the state of São Paulo extends the Pezinho Test for two other diseases: congenital adrenal hyperplasia (HAC) and biotinidase deficiency (DB). HAC causes poor genital formation in girls and precocious puberty in boys. The most severe form of the disease, called salt-losing, occurs in the first days of life, with vomiting, dehydration, shock and death, if the diagnosis is not made and the appropriate treatment instituted.



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Biotinidase deficiency (biotin) usually occurs from the seventh week of life with neurological and cutaneous disorders, such as epilepsy, hypotonia, microcephaly, neuropsychomotor developmental delay, alopecia and eczematous dermatitis. In patients with late diagnosis, visual, auditory, and motor and language delay are often observed.

"In the Test of the Pezinho we select the babies suspected of having this disease, but the confirmation of the diagnosis by this examination takes about 10 days. So to save sick babies - losers of salt - we need to diagnose the adrenal crisis and treat the severe dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia that cause death. The "gold" goal of this action is to save our newborn babies from HAC from premature death, "explains Carmela Maggiuzzo Grindler, state coordinator of the National Neonatal Screening Program of São Paulo.

In order to train physicians, nurses, social workers and psychologists working in the emergency rooms, emergency rooms, hospitals with pediatric services and basic health units that will assist these children, the State Coordination of the National Neonatal Screening Program of São Paulo promotes in the on November 12, from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., a videoconference with a pediatrician from the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) of Unicamp Gil Guerra Júnior.

According to programming, Gil Guerra will first speak about HAC, focusing on the treatment of the acute phase of congenital adrenal hyperplasia; then you will be available to talk and clarify doubts of all who attend the talk. "These are rare and very important diseases to be included in the National Neonatal Screening program," said Unicamp's FCM doctor.

The videoconference will be via telemedicine of the Hospital de Clínicas (HC) of Unicamp, through video streaming services, with chat room. It can be assisted by any health professional who has access to the internet, via link http://www.hc.unicamp.br/telessaude/index.php , clicking on Restricted Event and registering with the endocped login and password hiperplasia .

Diseases screened by Pezinho Test

The examination of the foot should be done in the first weeks of the baby's life to detect early sickness, phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism. As of November 26, the examination expands the diagnosis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and biotinidase deficiency.

Phenylketonuria : is a hereditary disease, caused by the insufficient production of the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of phenylalanine, an amino acid present in many foods; leading to its accumulation in the blood. This accumulation causes severe and irreversible lesions in the central nervous system causing the child to present signs that include mental deficiency.

Congenital hypothyroidism : is a disease caused by partial or total deficiency in the production of thyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone essential for the normal development of every organism, including the brain. When untreated, the disease develops causing impairment of the physical development of the affected child and mental deficiency.

Sickle cell disease : it is an anemia in which red blood cells change their shape, making them look like a scythe. Hence the sickle name. These altered globules adhere to the blood vessels, causing local inflammation and making it difficult for blood to pass through the small vessels of the body, leading to pain and swelling in the joints, anemia, yellowing, infections, etc.

Biotinidase deficiency: DBT is a hereditary metabolic disorder in which there is a defect in biotin metabolism. As a consequence, depletion of the endogenous biotin occurs due to an inability of the organism to recycle it or to use the biotin bound to the dietary protein. Thus, like most inborn errors of metabolism, this disease presents an autosomal recessive inheritance, with more than 140 mutations described. Clinically, it usually manifests itself from the seventh week of life with neurological and cutaneous disorders. These are epileptic seizures, hypotonia, microcephaly, delayed neuropsychomotor development, alopecia and eczematoid dermatitis. In patients with late diagnosis, visual, auditory, and motor and language delay are often observed.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of inherited autosomal recessive diseases, in which there is a reduction in the activity of one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of cortisol. This enzymatic failure leads to virilization of female fetuses, and its most severe form, called salt-losing, is already present in the first days of life, with vomiting, dehydration and shock, leading to death if the diagnosis is not and the appropriate treatment instituted. Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia can therefore save lives in the salt-losing form and prevent very virilized newborn infants from being registered as male. The initial clinical signs, which are not very specific, delay the diagnosis because they are confused with other diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, urinary tract infection, septicemia and renal tubular acidosis, which may lead to death before diagnosis.

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

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Biotin (Vitamin B7)

What is biotin?

Biotin is one of the B vitamins, also known as vitamin B7. It has been called coenzyme R and vitamin H, it is responsible for the health of the hair and skin. Biotin is water soluble, which means the body does not store it. It has many important functions in the body and general health benefits.



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What is it for?

It is required for the function of various enzymes known as carboxylases. These enzymes, which contain biotin, participate in important metabolic pathways, such as the production of glucose and fatty acids. A commonly recommended intake is 5 μg (micrograms) per day in infants and 30 μg in adults. This is equivalent to 35 mcg per day in lactating women.

Vitamin B7 deficiency is quite rare. However, some groups, such as pregnant women, may experience this mildly. Eating raw eggs can also cause a shortage, but you would have to eat lots of eggs for a long time. Raw egg white contains a protein called avidin, which binds to biotin and prevents its absorption. Avidin is inactivated during cooking.

Benefits of Biotin

Benefits of Vitamin B7

Vitamin B7 has several potential benefits, know some of them.

1. Metabolism of macronutrients

Biotin is important for energy production. For example, several enzymes need to function properly. These enzymes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They initiate critical steps in the metabolic processes of these nutrients.

Vitamin B7 plays an important role in:

Gluconeogenesis: This pathway allows the production of glucose from sources other than carbohydrates, such as amino acids. Biotin-containing enzymes help to initiate this process.

Fatty acid synthesis: Vitamin B7 supports enzymes that trigger reactions that are important for the production of fatty acids.

Amino Acid Degradation: Biotin-containing enzymes are involved in the metabolism of several important amino acids, including leucine

2. Fragile nails

The brittle nails are weak and easily shattered, split or cracked. It is a common disease and is estimated to affect about 20% of the world's population. Biotin may benefit people who suffer from brittle nails.

In one study, 8 people with brittle nails received 2.5 mg of vitamin B7 per day for 6 to 15 months. Nail thickness improved by 25% for the 8 participants. The nail tone was also reduced.

Another study of 35 people with brittle nails found 2.5 mg of vitamin B7 per day for 1.5 to 7 months, improving symptoms in 67% of participants.

3. Hair Health

Biotin for hair

Biotin is often associated with increased hair growth and healthier, stronger hair. In addition, studies prove that a lack of biotin can lead to hair loss, indicating that the vitamin is important for hair.

It is recommended that people with vitamin B7 deficiency take 30 to 100 micrograms (micrograms) per day. Infants and children with vitamin B7 deficiency would need a dose of less than 10 to 30 mcg, respectively. It has not been determined whether hair growth improves in healthy people.

4. Pregnancy and breast-feeding

Biotin is important during pregnancy and lactation. These stages of life are linked to a greater need for this vitamin. In fact, it is estimated that up to 50% of pregnant women may develop mild vitamin B7 deficiency. This means that it can easily affect your well-being, but it is not severe enough to cause noticeable symptoms.

Deficiencies in the metabolism of vitamin B7 in the body are believed to be present during pregnancy. Another major concern is that animal studies have shown that biotin deficiency can lead to birth defects during pregnancy.

However, do not forget to consult your doctor or nutritionist before taking supplements during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Adding foods high in vitamin B7 to your diet does not carry risks.

5. Decreasing blood sugar in people with diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels and impaired insulin function. Researchers have investigated how biotin supplements affect blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetics.

Some evidence suggests that vitamin B7 concentrations in the blood may be lower in people with diabetes compared to healthy people.

Studies in diabetics receiving only biotin gave mixed results. However, several controlled studies suggest that biotin supplements in combination with chromium ore may reduce blood sugar levels in some patients with type 2 diabetes.

6. Skin health

The role of biotin in skin health is not well understood. However, it is known that you may have red and scaly rashes if you are deficient.

Some studies also suggest that biotin deficiency can sometimes cause a skin disease called seborrheic dermatitis.

The role of vitamin B7 in skin health may be related to its effect on fat metabolism, which is important for the skin and can be affected if the vitamin is absent.

Bull

Before you think about buying biotin or any kind of supplement you should always consult your doctor. Vitamin B7 has no known interactions, but your doctor should confirm if there is any drug interaction with the vitamin and other medications you are consuming.

In addition, before adding a new supplement to your routine, your doctor may also provide more specific information about the dose and possible side effects.

Dosage

Age                            Dose

Newborn up to 6 months 5 mcg

Infants 7-12 months 6 mcg

Babies: 1-3 years 8 mcg

Children aged 4-8 years 12 mcg

Children from 9-13 years 20 mcg

Adolescents aged 14-18 years 25 mcg

Adults over 19 years 30 mcg

Pregnant 30 mcg

Breastfeeding, adolescents and women 35 mcg

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, excess of the vitamin in the body is eliminated by the urine. This makes a possible overdose unlikely. If you develop an unusual or unexpected rash after increasing your vitamin intake, contact your doctor. In rare cases, this is an indication of a possible overdose.

Your doctor will review the following to confirm an overdose:

low levels of vitamin C

low levels of vitamin B6

high blood sugar

decreased insulin production

Based on this information, the doctor confirms it can confirm if you are receiving too much vitamin B7, and reduce the recommended dose.

Biotinidase deficit

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Biotinidase deficit

Definition of disease

Biotinidase deficiency is a late onset form of multiple carboxylase deficiency (see this term), a congenital biotin metabolism disorder which, if untreated, is characterized by convulsions, respiratory problems, hypotonia, rash, alopecia, deafness and developmental delay.



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Epidemiology

The prevalence of clinical biotinidase deficiency (BTD) is estimated at 1 / 61,000. The frequency of carriers in the general population is approximately 1/120.

Clinical description

The symptoms of BTD deficiency usually appear within the first few months of life, but the later onset was also described. Individuals with profound untreated deficiency (less than 10% of normal mean serum biotinidase activity) have variable clinical findings, including seizures, hypotonia, eczematous erythema, alopecia, ataxia, deafness, fungal infections, and developmental delay. Metabolically, untreated children may present with ketolac acidosis, organic acidemia (-uria) and mild hyperammonemia. Individuals with partial disability (10% to 30% of average normal BTD activity) without treatment may be asymptomatic, but during periods of stress, such as fever, illness or fasting, they may develop symptoms similar to those of individuals with profound BTD deficiency.

Etiology

BTD deficiency is caused by mutations in the BTD gene (3p25), resulting in the reduction or absence of BTD activity. This enzyme recycles free, non-protein bound biotin, which is required for various biotin-dependent metabolic processes. There are more than 150 mutations of the BTD gene known causes of BTD deficiency.

Diagnostic Methods

The disease is detected through neonatal screening when available. The other cases are diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms and confirmed by the demonstration of serum-deficient BTD activity. Molecular analysis of mutations in the BTD gene is also possible. The symptoms of BTD deficiency overlap with those of other metabolic diseases, including holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (see this term), isolated carboxylase deficiency, nutritional deficiency of biotin, zinc deficiency, and essential fatty acid deficiency.

Prenatal diagnosis

Prenatal diagnosis for at-risk pregnancies is possible and can be performed by enzyme analysis or by mutation analysis when the mutation is known. However, because it is a treatable disease, prenatal testing is not considered by most families.

Genetic counseling

BTD deficiency is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. For parents of affected children, genetic counseling is recommended. Parents are required asymptomatic heterozygous carriers. Siblings of patients with BTD deficiency should be tested for the deficiency even if they do not present symptoms.

Disease control and treatment

Oral, non-protein-bound oral biotin supplementation is the main treatment and improves symptoms in symptomatic patients, and avoids symptoms in those identified by neonatal screening or before symptoms develop. After the installation of some features, such as optic atrophy, deafness, or developmental delay, they may not be reversible with biotin treatment. Biotin treatment should be continued throughout life. Serious adverse effects of biotin therapy are not known. Patients and their families should be made aware of the importance of adherence to treatment. Ophthalmologic, neurological and metabolic periodic evaluations are recommended. Raw eggs should be avoided because of their avidin content (biotin-binding substance), but cooking inactivates the avidin binding effect.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with BTD deficiency is very good as long as they are treated before symptoms occur and are compliant with biotin therapy.