What is separate garbage collection and how to achieve this in your home
one.
What is happening with garbage today?
2
And what about the rest of the waste?
3
How is garbage disposed of in other countries?
four.
Why are we different?
five.
What to do?
6
How can I start a separate collection of garbage?
7
Will this help improve the situation?
It is not easy to change the situation, but you can start small - from yourself.
What is happening with garbage today?
Just over 90% of the waste that we put in the trash can is dumped. Что делать с мусором в РоссииWhat to do with garbage in Russia on landfills. According to the rules Технология захоронения ТБОMSW disposal technology , garbage should be tamped on specially equipped sites with bulldozers. Each layer is two meters thick and needs to be poured with primer, and in summer it should be moistened with water so that there are no fires.
In fact, it often happens otherwise. Most Russian landfills dispose of all waste indiscriminately (including batteries , mercury lamps, combustible building materials, and so on). Garbage is not tamped as needed and not poured insulating layers. This leads to environmental disasters.
The poisonous landfill gas is formed, which can seriously harm the health of people living near the landfill.
There are fires at landfills, including at great depths. They can not be put out for years. A toxic liquid, the filtrate, seeps from the landfill into groundwater, rivers and lakes.
And what about the rest of the waste?
Approximately 2% of garbage in Russia is burned, and 4% of waste is recycled. Что делать с мусором в РоссииWhat to do with garbage in Russia . Recycling falls on the sorting line, where from it choose what can be used again. These are different types of plastic, paper, glass, metal.
Disposal of garbage in Russia. nofollow">Досьеnofollow">Dossier Today, from 40 to 50% of the total volume of garbage is not processed in Russia: there are no documents regulating this process. Organics are sent to the landfill.
What to do with garbage in Russia? calculated that if the situation does not change, by 2026 the total area of landfills in Russia will reach 8 million hectares. It is like two Azov seas.
How is garbage disposed of in other countries?
Abroad, organic waste is composted (fertilizer), converted into biogas, which can be used to produce electricity, heat, and also as a fuel for cars.
In some European countries, up to 50% of waste is burned - this is carefully sorted garbage that cannot be recycled.
But in early 2017, the Council of Europe recommended Европейская комиссия рекомендует воздержаться от строительства мусоросжигательных заводовEuropean Commission recommends to refrain from building waste incinerators countries to refrain from building new waste incinerators and develop the processing industry.
There are examples of effective reduction in the formation of garbage in the world. For example, in the Japanese city of Kamikattsu, 80% of household waste is recycled. Residents divide them into 34 species. The local authorities have set a goal to reduce the amount of disposed waste to zero by 2020.
This is how residents of the sleeping area of Tokyo collect waste.
In 76 countries of the world, the use of disposable plastic packaging, which amounts to 70% of the total waste, is legally restricted.
Why are we different?
Abroad, rely on separate garbage collection. In Russia, for the sorting of mixed waste in enterprises. The difference is significant.
Sorting mixed waste according to its efficiency is inferior to their separation before entering the waste bin. A large amount of potential recyclables simply becomes unsuitable or unprofitable for recycling. This leads to the fact that the "tails" sent for incineration or burial increase. Also, industrial sorting of mixed waste eliminates the participation of people in solving the problem. Therefore, they, in fact, do not think about how to reduce their education.
Maria Malorossiyanova, ECA Movement Project Coordinator
This is a global problem: in Russia, the processing industry is not supported, the infrastructure for separate waste collection is not created. The priority today is given to burning. So, in the Moscow region approved Строительство мусоросжигательных заводов в Подмосковье начнется в ближайшее времяConstruction of incinerators in the Moscow region will begin soon construction of four powerful incineration plants. But this is the most expensive, inefficient and environmentally unsafe way to handle waste.
This confirms the example of Sweden. It built several powerful incinerators. This hinders the development of the processing industry. Swedes are forced to buy garbage in other countries, enduring environmental risks, as incinerators produce large amounts of carbon dioxide.
What to do?
There are technologies in Russia that allow us not to bury or incinerate, but to recycle glass, metal, plastic, paper, rubber, textiles, which constitute a significant part of the waste. Only in the Moscow region there are 432 processing plants. But their capacities are underutilized on average by 30–40%.
Processing industries have low profitability due to the quality of recycled materials. For example, PET bottles arriving from landfills are highly contaminated, they need expensive cleaning. Therefore, it is important to correctly organize the separate collection of garbage. It is more profitable to process recycled resources collected by the residents and stored in containers for separate collection.
How can I start a separate collection of garbage?
1. Get some containers at home
Collect wet food waste separately. They accumulate the fastest, so you will throw them more often. Rinse all plastic containers - bottles , jars of yogurt and so on - and rinse them in a separate bag. So it will be easier to recycle.
Romualdo Yanushkevicius, Director for Development of the Center for Ecological Technologies
For paper - newspapers, magazines, advertising mailings, written sheets - you can have a separate box. Once a month you can pack it and put it in a trash container or take it to a collection point.
Also collect aluminum cans and glass containers separately. These simple actions will help to recycle more waste than if you put everything in one package.
2. Install containers for separate collection of garbage in your yard
Convene a general meeting of the tenants of the house, at which you need to make a decision on the introduction of separate waste collection in the local area. Give arguments: separate garbage collection is beneficial, as in a regular container for mixed garbage a lot of bulk waste that weigh little (for example, paper and plastic). If you recycle it in a separate tank, you can save: you will need much less containers.
Contact this management company and ask them to install containers for separate collection.
Suggest a company that takes garbage out of your yard to organize separate waste collection, or sign a contract with another such company.
Detailed step-by-step instructions on how to organize separate collection of waste in your home, published here .
3. Hand over the waste collected separately.
The site Greenpeace has a map where you can find the nearest point of delivery of waste: paper, glass, plastic, batteries, tetrapacks, light bulbs, household appliances, and so on. However, while such items are not in all cities.
Will this help improve the situation?
Yes. From waste that is destroyed, you can make new things. For example, 400 aluminum cans are a new children's bicycle, 25 plastic bottles — a fleece jacket, a kilogram of newspapers — 10 rolls of toilet paper.
Experts have calculated What to do with garbage in Russia that recycling will allow by 2030 to reduce the amount of disposed trash in our country by 75-80%. This means that the number of landfills will decrease. The new sphere will give new jobs, and the incineration plants that poison the atmosphere will build less.
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