Anxiety May Affect The Large Intestine Bacteria!
The research by Hoban et al, published in the open access journal, Microbiome , clarifies new findings on how large intestinal bacteria affect anxiety-like behavior.
Researchers at the APC Microbiome Institute, established by the University of Cork , supported by the Science Foundation of Ireland , have established a link between biological molecules called miRNA (micro RNA) in the brain and brain tissue. and as a result of their studies, the brain tissue of mice without bacteria found that a significant number of miRNA molecules have changed.
Mice included in the study were housed in special cages that provided a germ-free environment (Germ-free, GF) and typically exhibited abnormal anxiety, socialization deficits, memory deficits, and marked depression-like behavior. The author of the article is Dr. Gerard Clarke commented:
Large intestinal bacteria appear to affect the prefrontal cortex and amygdala parts of the brain tissue . This is important because physiological processes involved in the functioning of the central nervous system and brain sections such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex can affect these miRNA molecules.
Micro RNA molecules are very short nucleotide ( DNA and structural units of DNA ) sequences that are responsible for controlling the expression of genes. It is thought that misregulation or loss of function of micro RNA molecules is the main reason for shaping neurodegenerative diseases, neural developmental disorders and stress-like psychiatric disorders. In particular, it is stated that miRNA changes in brain tissue take place in anxiety-like situations. Dr. Clarke said:
Although it is possible to adjust miRNA molecules in brain tissue for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, research in this area faces some serious obstacles. For example, it is possible to find a safe and stable molecule capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and to ensure that the molecule works as intended in the target region. Our study has shown that some of the barriers to the therapeutic use of miRNA molecules can be overcome by targeting the large intestinal microbiota.
In their study, the researchers found 103 levels of miRNA molecules in the amygdala region and 31 in the prefrontal cortex region in the brains of micro-purified mice (GF mice) when compared to normal mice. At this point, it should also be taken into account that the colonization of the colon normalizes some differences in miRNA levels later in the animal.
The findings of the study suggest that for proper regulation of miRNA molecules in brain tissue, a healthy microbiota must be present in the large intestine. According to the researchers, the present study demonstrated the relationship between miRNA levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex regions of the brain tissue and the small intestine microbiota for the first time, showing the relationship between distorting (intentional replacement) of intestinal bacteria and anxiety-like behaviors.
The researchers used experimental groups containing 10 to 12 mice in each group. These groups were the control group consisting of normal mice with normal large intestinal microbiota, the fully bacterium-free GF group, the GF mice, the ex-GF group maintained under the same conditions as the control group, and the grown-up mouse group that had been killed by excessive antibiotic and large intestinal microbiota. Using new generation sequencing (NGS) methods in brain tissue samples of these groups, it was determined which miRNA molecules were present in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex regions.
As a result, as in GF mice, adult mice that have cleared the large intestinal microbiota with antibiotics have been found to alter some miRNA molecules in brain tissue. According to the researchers, even though the organism is a healthy large intestinal microbiota in the early stages of life, changes that may occur over time cause differences in miRNA levels in brain tissue, leading to the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors.
As the researchers put it, the exact mechanism by which large intestine bacteria affect miRNA molecules in brain tissue is unknown. Although the effect of large intestinal microbiota on miRNA levels has been demonstrated in more than one species (mouse and rat), further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between large intestinal microbiota, miRNA levels, and anxiety-like behaviors for clinical applicability of the findings. are needed. About the result Clarke said:
Although this is an early study, it is an exciting possibility that large intestinal bacteria, such as ob psychobiotics, hedef are targeted to achieve the desired changes in miRNA levels in specific regions of brain tissue.
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