What is EBOLA Virus?
Since we do not know the natural reservoir, we do not know how the disease causes an epidemic in humans. However, it is assumed that the first patient became ill as a result of contamination with the infected animal.
WHAT IS EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER?
EHA is a disease that has been known since 1976 and is common in humans and primates (Monkeys and Chimpanzees) that are severe, often fatal. A river in the Congo is called Ebola. It is an RNA virus from the family Filavoviridae. 3 of the 4 species have been identified: Ebola - Zaire, Ebola - Sudan and Ebola - Ivory Coast. Fourth, Ebola - Reston causes disease in primates.
LOCATION IN NATURE
Unknown. Evidence shows that it is thought to be of African origin. The Ebola-Reston virus was isolated from some kind of infected monkey, which came from Italy and the United States from the Philippines. This virus is not known in other countries like North America.
WHERE DOES EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVE Occur?
In Congo, Gabon is also located in Ivory Coast, Sudan and Uganda. A person known to be serologically ill but not ill has been reported from Liberia. In England, a laboratory worker caught the disease as a result of prickling. There has been no report of human illness in America. In America and Italy, the Ebola - Reston virus has caused death and serious illness in monkeys. During this outbreak, several investigators were infected with the virus but did not become ill. EHA is seen as sporadic outbreaks. It is usually spread with medical equipment, although it is probably the only case that cannot be diagnosed.
HOW DOES THE EBOLA VIRUS SPREAD?
It is sporadic that people get sick with the Ebola virus. People don't carry the virus.
Since we do not know the natural reservoir, we do not know how the disease causes an epidemic in humans. However, it is assumed that the first patient became ill as a result of contamination with the infected animal. Once someone becomes ill, they can infect others in several ways. People can get the virus through direct contamination with the blood or secretion of the infected person. The virus spreads frequently between friends and families, due to intimacy, nutrition, occupation, or other reasons between family or friends. Humans may also be exposed to the virus as a result of contamination with certain objects, such as needles, contaminated with infected secretion. The outbreak of ROM is often associated with nasocomial transmission. This includes the two ways described above, but describes the spread with medical sets in hospitals or clinics. In Africa, patients are generally treated without mask and overshoes. In addition, many people may be infected by using non-disposable syringes or syringes, which can be washed with water and repeated use without sterilization. Virginia has also had an Ebola - Reston virus transmission from monkey to monkey by air. However, this type of transition is not defined in hospital or residents.
SYMPTOMS OF EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER
The symptoms and signs of ROM are not the same in all patients. According to the frequency of the symptoms seen in the reported cases the symptoms are listed in the following table.
Symptoms in Most Ebola Patients
Symptoms of Some Ebola Hats
High Fever, Headache Muscle Pain, Stomach Pain within a few days after being infected with the virus.
Within a few weeks of infection with the virus Chest pain, shock and death Blindness, bleeding
Researchers have failed to understand why some people get better and others don't. However, it is known that patients who do not have significant immune response at the time of death usually die.
HOW IS EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER CLINICAL RECOGNIZED?
It is difficult to diagnose because of symptoms that are non-specific to the virus such as red and itchy eye, skin rash within a few days of infection. If there is a suspicion of Ebola virus with the group of symptoms mentioned in the table above, laboratory tests should be performed quickly. These tests include blood spread and culture for the malaria. If the patient has bloody diarrhea, stool culture should also be performed.
LABORATORY TESTS USED FOR EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER
ELISA, IgG ELISA, PCR and Virus Isolation tests can be used for diagnosis within a few days of onset of symptoms. IgM and IgG antibody tests may be used for subsequent periods or after recovery. In addition, the dead people respectively; Immunohistocemistry, virus isolation, PCR can be used.
HOW IS EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER TREATED?
There is no standard treatment for ROM. Nowadays, supportive treatment is performed. Fluid - Electrolyte monitoring, oxygen monitoring, blood pressure monitoring and treatment for secondary infections. During the Kikwit outbreak, eight patients were given the blood of healed patients with EHA, seven of them survived.
HOW TO PREVENT EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER?
In Africa, the EHA measure has many challenges. Because the location and identity of the natural reservoirs of the Ebola virus are unknown, several prevention methods are available.
In the presence of the disease, the social and economic conditions allow the epidemic to spread, so public health care providers should recognize the cases of ROM. In addition, health care workers should have diagnostic test facilities, practice for isolation of cases and health care workers should have the opportunity to protect themselves. Infection control measures; gloves, special protective goggles, a special protective clothing, including a mask; The purpose of all these techniques; to avoid any person's contact with blood or secretions of any patient. If a patient with EHA dies, it is important to avoid direct contamination with the body of the deceased.
CDC has prepared tools to meet the needs of healthcare workers. Together with the WHO, the CDC developed practical guidelines for hospitals under the heading of Viral Hemorrhagic Infection Control in the African Health Kit. This describes the procedures to be taken in terms of health and prevention of hospital-acquired transitions when Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, such as Ebola, is recognized using locally available facilities.
OTHER CONTROLS AND CONTROLS IN EBOLA HEMOROGIC FEVER
Scientists and researchers; They are developing additional diagnostic methods for the early diagnosis of the disease and the ecological investigation of the causative agent of the disease and the Ebola virus. the ability to moniterize those suspected to detect the incidence of the disease. In order to prevent future outbreaks effectively, more information about the spread of the virus and its reservoirs is essential.
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