What is dysentery disease? What is bacillary dysentery?
Dysentery is an infectious and epidemic large bowel disease associated with diarrhea. Bacilli dysentery is spread as a result of human faecal contamination of water sources and foods. People suffering from bacillary dysentery should receive appropriate antibiotics and fluid-electrolyte supplements as well as easy-to-digest foods and plenty of water. So, what is Basilli dysentery?
Bacilli Dysentery; It is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella species. Because human is the only source of active bacteria in nature, the disease is spread by human faecal contamination of fecal sources of water and food in society.
How is it transmitted?
Even a small number of Shigella group bacteria (only 10 bacteria) can cause the disease to occur. The disease is transmitted through contaminated water and nutrients. Fecal-oral spreading occurs rapidly in environments where cleaning conditions are inadequate, inadequate and safe domestic water is not available and hands are not washed. Waterborne outbreaks occur, especially when sewage is mixed with water. Transmission can also be person to person. It passes directly or indirectly from the patient or carrier by fecal-oral route.
What are the symptoms?
The onset of symptoms usually begins 2-4 days after oral ingestion of the microorganism, but may also extend up to a week. The disease usually lasts for a few days, but sometimes it can last for weeks. Shigella; It causes diarrhea by irritating the intestinal mucosa. Headache, nausea and vomiting, fever rapidly rising to 38 ° C, cramp-like abdominal pain, tenesmus (painful defecation) with bloody diarrhea begins. The stool may contain blood, mucus or pus. However, in one-third of cases, only watery stools may occur. In rare cases (young children), referral may occur. The healing process of the disease lasts 4-7 days.
How is it diagnosed?
Since the clinical picture caused by shigellas cannot be distinguished from other dysentery-like conditions, especially amoebic dysentery, the diagnosis is based on laboratory examination. Laboratory outcome is critical, especially in the direction of treatment (for the differentiation of antibiotic or antiparasitic drug administration). In addition to clinical findings, the diagnosis is made by the production of agents in culture made from stool samples taken from the patient. Antibiotic resistance should also be investigated.
The disease is spread by human faecal contamination of water resources and food in the community, and people living in these areas are most affected.
What is the treatment?
Appropriate antibiotic and liquid-electrolyte support, as well as easy to digest foods and plenty of water should be given. Sick persons should consult their physician as soon as possible.
What are the ways of protection?
There is no vaccine for the disease. Control of drinking and potable water, adapting living conditions to hygiene conditions and paying attention to hygiene rules are the basic protection measures. It is practically impossible to prevent the spread of the disease in the community, in the absence of an improved sewage system and safe drinking water. Therefore, national public health strategies should include improvement of sewerage systems, water and food hygiene, public education and the use of antibiotics.
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