What is Protein Synthesis?
What is protein synthesis? How does proten synthesis take place?
Scientifically, protein synthesis is the process by which cells form protein molecules using DNA, RNA, and enzymes. In short, it is a process in which your body uses amino acids in protein to build new muscle.
During one day, your body fluctuates between two processes: muscle development known as “ anabolism,, protein synthesis and muscle destruction known as bilinen catabolism ..
After taking a protein supplement, there is a short time in your blood that contains a large amount of amino acids. This period, known as hyperaminoacidemia, stimulates more during rest than muscle protein synthesis.
Hard training is catabolic because it causes damage to your muscles and you break them apart. But after training, your body becomes anabolic almost instantly and begins to heal this damage. Using protein powder before or after training or starting eating a solid meal that contains enough carbohydrates and protein around the training will help to start this process. The amino acid leucine, which is abundant in protein powders and protein-rich foods, is essential here.
Için To maximize the muscle building response, about 3 grams of leucine per serving is needed, which is what 30-40 grams of protein can give you at meals. ”
More deeply;
HOW TO PROTEIN SYNTHESIS:
The tRNA molecules bind the free amino acids in the cytoplasm to their corresponding ends and bring them into the mRNA template.
The ternary nucleotide groups of the tRNA molecule that carry nucleotides matching the codons are called anticodons.
The weak hydrogen bonds formed between the nucleotides of the codons and the anticodons cause the tRNAs to be sequenced in a certain order, which in turn causes the amino acids they carry to be sequenced in the order expressed in the codons. The event occurs in the ribosome.
ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDS REQUIRED FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS:
Amino acids must be activated before they can bind to the tRNA. This is accomplished by the phosphate group binding to amino acids from ATP molecules. Phosphate binding takes place with the help of the amino acyl synthetase enzyme. The activated amino acid binds to the appropriate end of the tRNA.
The explanations made so far show that protein synthesis occurs as a result of certain steps.
These steps are as follows:
1- Transcription: Transcription of genetic information from the meaningful sequence of DNA molecule into m.RNA language.
Thus, the resulting m.RNA sequence passes to the cytoplasm. Ribosomes attach to this sequence through their subunits.
2- Translation: (Read): The sequence of amino acids according to the genetic code given by DNA.
The tRNA molecules carrying amino acids bind to the ribosomes through their large subunits. Weak hydrogen bonds formed between two nucleotide sequences (between mRNA and tRNA) play a role in this binding.
Thus, as the ribosomes slide through the m.RNA, tRNA molecules carrying the anticodons suitable for the mRNA codons begin to attach to the ribosomes in sequence according to the order of the codons. Therefore, the amino acids they carry with them begin to be sequenced and peptide bonds are formed between them. Protein production takes place.
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