Diarrhea in infants
Diarrhea can be defined as an increase in the water content and frequency of feces. Increased bowel movements, decreased intestinal absorption with increased daily stool amount and more watery feces can be explained as deterioration.
Diarrhea occurs more easily and is more severe in newborn and infancy. This can be explained by the fact that children are not yet easily adaptable to nutritional changes, lack of tolerance to fluid loss, and immunity is not fully developed.
The frequency and causes of diarrhea vary according to the health conditions of the society. In our country, infections, diarrhea caused by microbes are more common. Diarrhea; frequent hand washing, attention to hygienic rules when preparing food, the use of clean water, the city infrastructure is working with proper work. It is very important that the hands are washed with plenty of soapy water before preparing the child's food, after leaving the toilet and changing the diaper of the child, just before feeding the child.
Another risk factor for diarrhea is unbalanced nutrition. Usually the first age of flour, starch and sugar-rich nutrition such as carbohydrate-fed infants tend to have a higher tendency to diarrhea.
Breastfeeding is the most effective and best protection that prevents diarrhea in infants. Breast milk increases the immunity of the baby, as well as supporting factors that protect the intestine.
Vomiting associated with diarrhea increases fluid loss from diarrhea. When there is a loss of fluid, it makes it impossible to replace it with oral fluids. Even small diarrhea and vomiting may cause severe fluid and electrolyte losses in young children.
Although everyone thinks that diarrhea is a summer disease, rotavirus-induced diarrhea is more common in winter.
Rotavirus is the most common microorganism that causes serious diarrhea in children all over the world. Until the age of 5, each child has at least one rotavirus infection. Rotavirus causes more severe diarrhea in children between 4 and 36 months. It is the cause of 50% of sudden diarrhea in children aged 0-2 years in developing countries.
Tests that detect antigens of rotavirus are frequently used in the diagnosis of rotavirus in stool samples. These tests have facilitated rapid and accurate diagnosis.
In case of diarrhea, when we learn that it is caused by rotavirus, we can tell the precautions to be taken to the families, the symptoms that may occur and give the exact information about the duration of the disease.
The agent is transmitted by mouth. The presence of microbe contaminated food as well as toys and other surfaces has shown that personal belongings are a mechanism of contamination. Domestic sprawl is frequent and can affect multiple individuals at home at the same time. In addition, contamination can be rapid in nurseries and nurseries.
The child starts to show symptoms 1-2 days after receiving the virus. The most common symptom is diarrhea. Feces are usually green, juicy and bloodless. There may also be vomiting and fever. Abdominal pain may accompany this condition. These symptoms may last for 1 week.
The most feared rotavirus infection is fluid and electrolyte loss. The degree of dehydration, body fluid and electrolyte loss determines how treatment should be. Diarrhea may occur 10 1020 times a day, as well as frequent vomiting. In such serious cases, it would be appropriate to hospitalize and start appropriate fluid treatment. Mild cases may be improved by oral fluid therapy at home. Fever reducers are also used for fever.
It's a hard-to-protect virus. It is easily transmitted and can cause illness many times. This means that once the child has diarrhea due to rotavirus, the child may experience rotavirus infection again. The only good thing here is that the immune system is a little more prepared. Other rotavirus infections after the first rotavirus infection may be a little milder.
Our hope now is in rotavirus vaccines, which are still underway. Although rotavirus vaccine was first introduced in 1998, vaccinations were terminated due to some health problems in the vaccine developed at that time. Good results are obtained from 2 different vaccines currently being studied. In the future, we hope to protect our children with vaccines before they become ill. Thanks to oral vaccinations, we will not see rotavirus-induced diarrhea so often in the future.
21Axx
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