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Disinfection measures in the foci of tuberculosis

The problem of preventing tuberculosis does not lose its relevance, which is associated with the continuing high incidence of this infection among the population, as well as the formation of the resistance of the pathogen to drugs and disinfectants.

Disinfection measures are one of the areas of nonspecific tuberculosis prevention. The complexity of their implementation in tuberculosis is due to the high resistance of tuberculosis pathogens to physical and chemical agents, their long-term survival on / in environmental objects, the variety of transmission mechanisms and many objects around the patient to be disinfected: air, tableware, sputum, the discharge of patients , food debris, linen, patient care items, indoor surfaces, etc. Each of these objects requires an individual approach to its decontamination (the choice of odes, tools, processing technology, modes). At home, the current and final disinfection is carried out at the bacillus separator.

The current disinfection is organized since the detection of the bacillus by the TB dispensary or the outpatient clinic physician. The current disinfection is carried out systematically throughout the duration of the stay of the bacillus separator at home. It is organized by the tuberculosis dispensary or the tuberculosis departments of outpatient clinics through district sisters. If necessary, TB dispensaries and TB departments of outpatient clinics provide patients with the use of pocket spittoon vessels, care products, and disinfectants. The current disinfection in the tuberculous foci is carried out by the patients themselves or by the persons around them (in no case are children) under the systematic control of the staff of the tuberculosis dispensary or the polyclinic.

Final disinfection is carried out immediately in all cases after the temporary or permanent disposal of the bacilli carrier (placement of the patient in a medical institution, his departure to a sanatorium, change of residence, in the event of death of the patient).

Particular attention in the prevention of tuberculosis is given to air disinfection. To reduce the concentration of infectious aerosols in the indoor air, the use of ultraviolet radiation is effective.

Highly significant in the spread of tuberculosis and difficult to disinfect the object is the sputum of patients. The most reliable for disinfecting sputum are chlorinated disinfectants of inorganic and organic nature.

For the disinfection of sputum, it is recommended to use solutions of dichloroisocyanuric acid based salt preparations prepared from tablet forms (Javelion, Newjvel, Javel Solid, Javel-Kleid, Pyurjevel, etc.). The most widely used chemical method for disinfecting indoor surfaces, sanitary equipment, dishes, and laundry. High tuberculocidal activity is manifested by the same chloroactive agents on the basis of sodium dichloroisicianurate, peracid (Clinezin, Septusteril). Ways of carrying out chemical disinfection: irrigation, wiping, immersion in anti-disinfecting solution.

Tableware and linens can also be disinfected by a physical method - boiling.

Physical and combined disinfection methods are widely used for disinfecting objects with tuberculosis - using machines for disinfecting and washing dishes, washing and disinfecting linen: temperature 80-95º С, using washing powders with disinfectant action based on oxygen-containing (the most common drug is hydrogen peroxide) funds, etc.

Of great importance in the prevention of tuberculosis is the chamber processing of personal belongings, underwear, bed linen of patients with tuberculosis, bedding (blankets, mattresses, pillows).

Adequate selection and proper application of methods and disinfectants are key to effective disinfectological prevention of tuberculosis.

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