Turkey Journal of Medical Sciences
Physical and Chemical Methods for Protection from Infection in Hematology-Oncology Clinics
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY: PREVENTIVE MEASURES: REVIEW
SUMMARY
Nasocomial infections which is an important problem for hospitalized patients and hospital staff, treatment and precautions to be taken are examined under 6 titles in this article. Nasocomial infections are nosocomial infections that occur after hospitalization and do not have an infection before hospitalization. They are most commonly seen as urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, bacteremia and pneumonia. Immunodeficiency and nosocomial infections develop in patients with hematologic and oncologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Infections also occur in patients who develop neutropenia after chemotherapy. Severe nosocomial infections develop in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, undergoing splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation. Isolation practices play an important role in the control of nosocomial infections. Isolation applications are applied in two ways as isolation according to the disease and category. Insulation by category; complete isolation, contact isolation, respiratory isolation, Tbc isolation, enteric measures, drainage-secretion prevention, blood and body fluids prevention. Standard measures in practice are applied to reduce the risk of contamination of blood and body fluid-borne pathogens. In addition, contact measures, droplet measures, respiratory measures, including isolation-related prevention measures are applied. Tbc control measures emphasized the need for serious applications to prevent the spread of vancomycin resistance in hospitalized patients. Intravenous catheters are used to administer chemotherapy and fluid in hospitalized patients and may cause catheter infections in patients. Prevention of catheter infections, treatment of infections and antibiotics are emphasized. Another precaution is HEPA filters that prevent air contamination in neutropenic patient rooms. The chemical products used in hand antisepsis in hospitals are alcohol, chlorhexidine gluconate, hexachlorophene, iodine and iodophores, para-chlorine-meta-xylenol and triclosan. It is possible to determine the disinfection method according to the infection risk of the patient care materials used in the hospital environment. It is possible to collect the areas that can be taken into daily disinfection applications in 3 groups. These are the floors that are infected with the hospital floor, blood and other material of the patients, as well as benches-tables. Disinfectant is generally not required for cleaning surfaces that are regularly cleaned in hospitals, such as floors, walls, toilets, bathrooms and door handles and which do not present an infection risk.
Keywords : Infection, immunocompromised patient, neutropenia, isolation, antisepsis
ABSTRACT
Nosocomial infections, a problem of dire effects, and health care staff, are discussed at length, with emphasis on preventive measures and treatment modalities. Nosocomial infections often develop after hospitalization. They most frequently manifest as urinary and surgical infections, bacteremia and pneumonia. In patients with hematological and oncological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immunodeficiency is not uncommon and associated hospital infections may develop. Severe infections may also be subject to immunosuppressive treatment, splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation. Isolation procedures play an important role in the control of hospital infections. Such procedures are customarily applied in two forms: disease-based isolation and category-based isolation. The latter includes full, contact, and respiratory isolation (eg, Tbc), as well as drainage-secretion, blood and other body fluid containment measures. These practical measures are aimed at diminishing the risk of contamination through fluid and airborne pathogens. It is emphasized that stringent procedures are applied under the tuberculosis control methods to avoid strengthening resistance to vancomycin in hospitalized patients. Intravascular catheters are often used for chemotherapy and fluid replacement, which frequently results in catheter-induced infections. The prevention and treatment of such infections. HEPA filters that prevent air contamination in neutropenic patient rooms. Chemical products used for antisepsis in hospitals include alcohol, chlorohexidine, gluconate, hexachlorophene, iodine and iodophores, para-chloro-meta-xylenol and triclosan. A determination of the disinfection method to be employed is often considered possible. However, the potential foci for daily disinfection procedures may be classified into three groups: such as desks and chairs. No special disinfectant is usually needed in the hospital, as well as floors, walls, WC, bathroom and door handles that are regularly serviced and do not carry a heightened risk of infection.
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