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Means and methods of disinfection during disinfection measures

Scabies is a contagious parasitic skin disease caused by scabies mites (Sarcoptes scabiei L.). The size of the female is 0.3-0.4 mm, the male is twice as small. The female lives on the human body for about 2-3 months, up to 6 days outside. On a patient with scabies reproduction and development of mites occurs continuously. Settling of scab mites is carried out by skin stages of the life cycle - young females and larvae, while the daily rhythm of activity is strictly observed: ticks exit the skin surface in the evening-night time. The larvae are the most invasive and can penetrate anywhere on the skin, usually in the hair follicles. Females are introduced only on certain areas of the skin, where they migrate directionally: hands, wrists, feet, elbows, genitals of men.

The tick females penetrate the skin within one hour, the larvae take a few minutes. Eggs of scabies mites can fall on the surface of the skin and the external environment when combing moves, but the invasive value of eggs in the epidemiology of scabies is minimal. Man scabies mites are able to survive for 24 to 36 hours in room conditions (21 ° C and 40 to 80% relative humidity) and still remain capable of introducing and infecting the host.

Infection with scabies occurs when the tick is transferred from the patient to the healthy, with direct physical contact (staying in the same bed, handshaking) or through household items (gloves, clothing, bedding, etc.). Even

short close contact with the infested (15-20 min.) can lead to infection. The distribution of scabies pathogens among people has a focal character, while the direct transmission route of the invasion sharply prevails. The family focus is leading in the epidemiology of scabies.

Both adults and children suffer from scabies. In children's groups, scabby mites can be transmitted through toys, pens, sports equipment. There are cases of infection in baths, showers, hotels, trains, and other public places if the sanitary and hygienic regime is not observed. Symptoms of the disease appear 1-2 weeks after the introduction of the tick into the skin. Scabies is characterized by: severe itching,

amplified in the evening, the presence of scabby moves, polymorphism of lesions. Localization of scabies is varied: hands, flexion of the upper and lower extremities, elbow, wrist folds, popliteal fossa, anterior surface of the thighs, abdomen, chest, loin, buttocks, mammary glands in women, genitals in men. Combing the skin, patients often infect the infection, resulting in scabies complicated by pustular skin diseases

(pyoderma, dermatitis, eczema, urticaria). An untreated patient presents an epidemiological hazard for an indefinitely long period of time during the entire period of the disease.

Preventive actions

Activities for the prevention of scabies include the identification of the source (preventive examinations and examination of contact persons in the outbreaks) and work to eliminate the outbreak of scabies (treatment of patients, preventive treatment of contact persons, organization and conduct of current and final disinfection).

When a patient with scabies is identified, he is referred for treatment and at the same time all persons who have been in contact with the patient are examined, including attendants in teams. Simultaneously with the treatment of the identified patient, prophylactic treatment of contact persons, disinsection of clothing, bedding, and furnishings in the premises by scabicides authorized in the established procedure are carried out. In the case of treatment of a patient with scabies at home, the treating staff organizes the current disinfection.



Fighter Deactivation

Current and final disinfection is carried out by mechanical, physical and chemical methods. The mechanical method consists in removing objects and objects from circulation for 3–10 days. To do this, things are placed in tightly closed plastic bags or carefully washed, or knocked, etc.

The physical method consists in ironing things with a hot iron, boiling, washing at high temperatures, prolonged freezing and similar procedures. Professional contingent handles things in the deck chambers in accordance with the available instructions. Chamber disinfection items are delivered in bags packed in plastic bags, Kraft or insecticide-acaricidal preparations.

The chemical method consists in the use of acaricidal (insectoacaricidal) agents. The treatment is carried out in the outbreaks of scabies (including domestic ones), as well as in the places of examination and transportation of patients with scabies (insulators, sanitary inspection rooms, sanitary and other transport after the patient is delivered, etc.). Handle all the items with which the patient could contact: the floor, chairs, couches, etc.

The floor and other surfaces are sprayed from spraying machines (with an emulsion or an insecticide suspension) or from aerosol cans, or wiped with a cloth or clothes brushes moistened with an aqueous emulsion (suspension) of the insecticide.

For the treatment of textiles and other products that could be contaminated with scabies, use insectoacaricides, either by soaking infected items or irrigating them from spray equipment or aerosol packaging. The underwear, bed linen and other products to be washed are soaked in an aqueous insecticide emulsion for the period specified in the instructions for the product. The consumption rate for a set of underwear is 2.5 liters; for a set of bed linen or 1 kg of dry things - 4.5 liters. After disinsection, the laundry is thoroughly rinsed and soaked for a day in a solution of soda ash (1 tablespoon per 5 liters of water), then washed in the usual way. Non-washable outerwear, bedding and other things are irrigated with a water emulsion (suspension) or sprayed from an aerosol package, applying insecticide to the entire area of ​​the treated items. Blankets, pillows, mattresses and clothes are subjected to bilateral processing. Particular attention should be paid to the seams and folds on the inside of the garment. Processed things are used only after they are dried and thoroughly ventilated during the day.

Processing a specific tool is carried out, strictly following the instructions set forth in the label and instructions for use of this tool, according to its scope. A list of tools for treatments in the outbreaks of scabies is attached. These modes of application provide 100% death of ticks within 20 minutes.


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